Vaping-associated pulmonary injury

Lung injury associated with vaping

Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) is a condition characterized by lung damage linked to the use of electronic cigarettes or vaping products. The condition gained widespread attention in 2019 when a significant number of cases were reported in the United States.

Symptoms

Individuals with vaping-associated pulmonary injury typically present with a range of respiratory and systemic symptoms. Common respiratory symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Systemic symptoms may include fever, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Causes

The exact cause of VAPI is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the inhalation of certain substances found in vaping products. Vitamin E acetate, a thickening agent used in some THC-containing e-liquids, has been identified as a potential contributing factor. Other possible causes include nicotine, flavoring agents, and other additives.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of vaping-associated pulmonary injury is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history of vaping and the exclusion of other potential causes of lung injury. Imaging studies, such as chest X-rays and CT scans, are often used to assess lung damage.

CT scan showing lung damage associated with vaping.

Treatment

Treatment for VAPI typically involves supportive care, including oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in severe cases. Corticosteroids may be administered to reduce inflammation. Patients are advised to discontinue the use of vaping products.

Prevention

Preventive measures include avoiding the use of e-cigarettes and vaping products, particularly those containing THC or obtained from informal sources. Public health campaigns have been launched to raise awareness about the risks associated with vaping.

Epidemiology

The outbreak of vaping-associated pulmonary injury in 2019 primarily affected young adults and adolescents in the United States. As of early 2020, over 2,800 cases and 68 deaths had been reported. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and other health organizations continue to monitor the situation.

Research

Ongoing research aims to better understand the pathophysiology of VAPI and identify specific causative agents. Studies are also exploring the long-term health effects of vaping.

Related pages

• Electronic cigarette
• Nicotine
• Lung disease

Gallery

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  Schematic of an electronic cigarette.
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  Microscopy of a bronchoalveolar lavage sample from a patient with VAPI.