Type I collagen
Type I Collagen
Type I collagen is the most abundant collagen of the human body and is present in scar tissue, the end product when tissue heals by repair. It is found in tendons, skin, artery walls, cornea, and the organic part of bones and teeth.
Structure
Type I collagen is a fibrillar type of collagen, which means it forms long fibrils. It is composed of two _1(I) chains and one _2(I) chain, which are encoded by the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, respectively. These chains form a triple helix structure, which is a characteristic feature of collagen molecules.
Function
Type I collagen provides tensile strength to tissues and is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of various organs. It plays a crucial role in wound healing and is a major component of the extracellular matrix, which supports cell attachment and tissue architecture.
Synthesis
The synthesis of Type I collagen involves several steps, starting with the transcription of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes into mRNA, followed by translation into procollagen chains. These chains undergo post-translational modifications, including hydroxylation and glycosylation, before forming the triple helix structure. The procollagen is then secreted into the extracellular space, where it is cleaved to form mature collagen fibrils.
Clinical Significance
Mutations in the genes encoding Type I collagen can lead to various disorders, such as osteogenesis imperfecta, a condition characterized by brittle bones. Abnormalities in collagen synthesis or structure can also contribute to other connective tissue diseases.
Related Pages
References
- Prockop, D. J., & Kivirikko, K. I. (1995). Collagens: molecular biology, diseases, and potentials for therapy. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 64(1), 403-434.
- Kadler, K. E., Baldock, C., Bella, J., & Boot-Handford, R. P. (2007). Collagens at a glance. Journal of Cell Science, 120(12), 1955-1958.
| Collagen | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Overview | |
| Type | Protein |
| Function | Structural component of connective tissues |
| Location | Skin, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone, blood vessels |
| Types | |
| Related Topics | |
| See Also | |
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