Collage

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File:Pablo Picasso, 1913-14, Head (Tête), cut and pasted colored paper, gouache and charcoal on paperboard, 43.5 x 33 cm, Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh.jpg

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Collage is an artistic technique and form of visual art that involves assembling different forms, materials, and objects to create a new whole. The term "collage" is derived from the French word "coller," meaning "to glue." This technique has been used in various art movements and is known for its ability to combine diverse elements into a cohesive composition.

History

The origins of collage can be traced back to the early 20th century, although similar techniques have been used in folk art and other forms for centuries. The modern use of collage began with the Cubist movement, particularly with artists such as Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They introduced collage as a means to challenge traditional perspectives and to incorporate elements of the real world into their art.

During the Dada movement, artists like Hannah Höch and Kurt Schwitters expanded the use of collage to include photomontage, which involved the use of photographs and other printed media. This period saw collage being used as a form of social and political commentary.

Techniques

Collage involves various techniques, including:

• Cut and Paste: The most basic form of collage, involving cutting out images or shapes from different sources and pasting them onto a surface.
• Assemblage: A form of collage that involves three-dimensional elements, creating a more sculptural effect.
• Photomontage: A technique that uses photographs, often manipulated or combined to create a new image.
• Digital Collage: With the advent of digital technology, artists now use software to create collages, allowing for more complex and layered compositions.

Materials

Collage can be created using a wide range of materials, including:

• Paper (newspapers, magazines, colored paper)
• Photographs
• Fabric
• Found objects (tickets, labels, etc.)
• Paint and other traditional art materials

Significance

Collage is significant in art history for its role in challenging traditional notions of art and composition. It allows artists to explore themes of fragmentation, juxtaposition, and the blending of different realities. Collage has been used to address social, political, and cultural issues, making it a powerful tool for expression.

Contemporary Use

Today, collage continues to be a popular form of art, both in traditional and digital forms. It is used in various fields, including graphic design, advertising, and fashion. The versatility of collage allows artists to experiment with new ideas and techniques, keeping the art form dynamic and evolving.

Also see

• Cubism
• Dada
• Photomontage
• Assemblage (art)
• Mixed media

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