Parathyroidectomy

Parathyroidectomy is a surgical procedure involving the removal of one or more parathyroid glands. These glands are small endocrine glands located in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone. This hormone plays a key role in regulating the body's levels of calcium and phosphorus.

Indications

Parathyroidectomy is typically indicated for patients with hyperparathyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone, leading to elevated blood calcium levels. This can result in a variety of symptoms, including kidney stones, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers, and pancreatitis. Other indications for parathyroidectomy include parathyroid cancer and adenoma, a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland.

Procedure

The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. The surgeon makes an incision in the neck and locates the parathyroid glands. The diseased gland(s) are then removed. In some cases, a portion of a gland may be left in place to preserve some parathyroid function. The incision is then closed with sutures.

Risks and complications

As with any surgical procedure, parathyroidectomy carries risks, including infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding structures. Specific to this procedure, there is a risk of damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which can result in hoarseness or voice changes. There is also a risk of hypoparathyroidism, a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low blood calcium levels.

Postoperative care

Following surgery, patients are monitored for signs of hypocalcemia, such as tingling in the lips, fingers, and toes. Calcium and vitamin D supplements may be prescribed to help maintain normal blood calcium levels. Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the patient's recovery and calcium levels.

See also

• Endocrine system
• Endocrine surgery
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypocalcemia

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