Piperine

Piperine is an alkaloid that is found in the fruit of the Piper nigrum (black pepper) and Piper longum plants. It is the compound that gives black pepper its characteristic spicy taste. Piperine has been used in traditional medicine and has been studied for its potential health benefits.

Chemistry

Piperine is a crystalline solid that is soluble in alcohol and ether. It is a weak base, with a pKa of 5.3. The molecule consists of a piperidine ring linked to a benzene ring via a methylene bridge. The benzene ring is substituted with a methoxy group and a nitro group.

Biosynthesis

Piperine is synthesized in the pepper plant from the amino acid L-phenylalanine. The biosynthesis involves several steps, including the formation of the piperidine ring and the methylation of the benzene ring.

Health effects

Piperine has been studied for its potential health benefits. It has been found to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. It may also enhance the absorption of other nutrients and drugs.

Safety

Piperine is generally considered safe for consumption in the amounts typically found in food. However, high doses may cause gastrointestinal irritation.

See also

• Piper nigrum
• Piper longum
• Alkaloid
• Phenylalanine

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