Tsetse fly

Tsetse fly (Glossina) is a large, brown, biting fly that serves as both a host and vector for the trypanosome parasites. It is native to Africa and is the primary vector of African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals.

Biology

Tsetse flies include 23 species that are all native to Africa. They are obligate parasites that live by feeding on the blood of vertebrate animals. Tsetse flies are distinguished from other Diptera by unique adaptations, including a forward-projecting proboscis, and the fusion of the male and female genitalia during mating.

Life cycle

The life cycle of the tsetse fly consists of the following stages: egg, three larval stages, a pupal stage, and the adult stage. The entire life cycle is completed in 20 to 30 days.

Disease transmission

Tsetse flies are vectors for the trypanosomes that cause Human African trypanosomiasis and Animal trypanosomiasis. The flies receive the trypanosome parasites by biting an infected human or animal, and can then transmit the disease when they bite another host.

Control

Control of tsetse flies and the diseases they carry is a major public health issue in Africa. Methods include trapping, pesticide application, and sterile insect technique.

See also

• African trypanosomiasis
• Animal trypanosomiasis
• Sterile insect technique

References

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