Urinary tract infection

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary system. UTIs are usually caused by bacteria, but they can also be caused by viruses and fungi. UTIs are among the most common infections in humans.

Causes

UTIs are usually caused by bacteria from the digestive system that live on the skin near the rectum or in the vagina which can spread and enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Once these bacteria enter the urethra, they can travel up into other parts of the urinary tract where they can cause an infection.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of UTIs include: a strong, persistent urge to urinate; a burning sensation when urinating; passing frequent, small amounts of urine; urine that appears cloudy; urine that appears red, bright pink or cola-colored — a sign of blood in the urine; strong-smelling urine; and pelvic pain in women.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a UTI is usually made by analyzing a urine sample. The urine will be examined under a microscope for bacteria or white blood cells, which are signs of an infection.

Treatment

Treatment for UTIs usually involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection. The type of medication and length of treatment depend on the patient's symptoms and medical history.

Prevention

Prevention of UTIs can involve a number of strategies including drinking plenty of liquids, urinating regularly, and for women, urinating before and after sexual activity.

See also

• Cystitis – bladder infection
• Pyelonephritis – kidney infection
• Urethritis – urethra infection

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