Travelers' diarrhea

Travelers' diarrhea (TD) is a stomach and intestinal infection. It is a common condition that affects travelers worldwide. It is caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. The onset of TD usually occurs within the first week of travel but may occur at any time while traveling, and even after returning home. The most common causative agent is Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC).

Causes

The most common cause of TD is Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) bacteria. These bacteria attach to the lining of the intestine and release a toxin that causes diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Other causes include Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cryptosporidium species.

Symptoms

The most common symptoms of TD are sudden onset of abdominal cramping, bloating, and diarrhea. Other symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, fever, and malaise.

Prevention

Prevention of TD is primarily by ensuring food and water consumed is safe. This can be achieved by only eating thoroughly cooked food, drinking bottled water, and avoiding raw fruits and vegetables.

Treatment

Treatment of TD is primarily with antibiotics. Loperamide (Imodium) can also be used to help slow down the diarrhea.

See also

• Foodborne illness
• Waterborne diseases

References

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