TNBC

TNBC or Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype of breast cancer that is characterized by the absence of three receptors: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). These receptors are not expressed in TNBC, hence the term "triple-negative."

Epidemiology

TNBC accounts for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancer cases. It is more common in younger women, particularly those under the age of 40, and in women of African or Hispanic descent. It is also more prevalent in women with a BRCA1 mutation.

Clinical Features

TNBC typically presents as a rapidly growing mass. It is more likely to metastasize and recur than other types of breast cancer. The most common sites of metastasis are the brain, lungs, and liver.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of TNBC is made by biopsy of the breast mass. The tissue is then analyzed for the presence of ER, PR, and HER2/neu receptors. If all three receptors are absent, the diagnosis of TNBC is made.

Treatment

The mainstay of treatment for TNBC is chemotherapy. Unlike other types of breast cancer, TNBC does not respond to hormonal therapy or therapies targeted at HER2/neu receptors. Surgery and radiation therapy may also be used in the treatment of TNBC.

Prognosis

The prognosis for TNBC is generally poorer than for other types of breast cancer. This is due to the aggressive nature of the disease and the lack of targeted therapies.

Research

Research into new treatments for TNBC is ongoing. Current areas of research include the development of new chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies, as well as the investigation of potential genetic markers for the disease.

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