Lanthanide

Lanthanide (or lanthanoid) refers to the fifteen metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through to lutetium. These fifteen lanthanide elements, along with the chemically similar elements scandium and yttrium, are often collectively known as the rare earth elements.

Characteristics

The lanthanides are commonly known for their metallic properties, which are similar to other metals. They are highly reactive, and their reactivity increases with increasing atomic number. They are also known for their high melting and boiling points.

History

The lanthanides were first discovered in the early 19th century, with the discovery of cerium in 1803. The term "lanthanide" was first used in 1925 by the British chemist Charles James.

Applications

Lanthanides have a wide range of applications. They are used in the production of phosphors, which are used in television screens and fluorescent lamps. They are also used in the production of magnets, and in the manufacture of catalysts for the petroleum industry.

Health effects

While lanthanides are not generally considered to be particularly toxic, they can have adverse health effects if ingested or inhaled in large amounts. These can include damage to the liver and kidneys, and in extreme cases, death.

See also

• Actinide
• Periodic table
• Rare earth element

References

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