Polyps

Polyps are abnormal growths of tissue that can form in any organ with blood vessels. They are most commonly found in the colon, nose, and uterus. They may be benign or malignant.

Types of Polyps

There are several types of polyps, including:

• Adenomatous polyps: These polyps, sometimes called adenomas, are the most common type of colon polyp. They can become cancerous, but it usually takes many years for that to happen.

• Hyperplastic polyps: These polyps are typically small and are considered very low risk for cancer.

• Inflammatory polyps: These polyps may follow a bout of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease.

• Hamartomatous polyps: These are often seen in children and teenagers.

Symptoms

Polyps themselves are typically asymptomatic. However, depending on their location, they can cause symptoms such as:

• Bleeding
• Pain
• Obstruction
• Diarrhea
• Constipation

Diagnosis

Polyps are often found during routine screening tests. The following tests may be used to find polyps:

• Colonoscopy: This test allows your doctor to examine the entire colon.

• Sigmoidoscopy: This test allows your doctor to examine the last part of the colon.

• Barium enema: This test allows your doctor to examine the entire colon.

• CT colonography: This test allows your doctor to examine the entire colon.

Treatment

Treatment for polyps depends on their location, size, and whether they are benign or malignant. Treatment options include:

• Polypectomy: This is the most common treatment for polyps. It involves removing the polyp during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.

• Colectomy: If a polyp cannot be removed during a colonoscopy or if it is cancerous, part or all of the colon may be removed.

Prevention

Certain lifestyle changes can help prevent polyps, including:

• Eating a healthy diet
• Getting regular exercise
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Not smoking