Pneumomediastinum

Pneumomediastinum (PM) is a medical condition characterized by the presence of air or gas in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It is a rare condition that can occur due to a variety of causes, including trauma, disease, or spontaneously.

Causes

The causes of pneumomediastinum can be broadly classified into two categories: spontaneous and secondary.

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) occurs without any apparent cause or precipitating factor. It is often associated with activities that cause a sudden increase in intrathoracic pressure, such as coughing, vomiting, childbirth, or weightlifting.

Secondary pneumomediastinum occurs as a result of trauma or disease. This can include chest trauma, lung disease, or invasive procedures involving the chest or abdomen.

Symptoms

The symptoms of pneumomediastinum can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, and a feeling of tightness in the chest. Other symptoms can include neck pain, difficulty swallowing, and changes in voice.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of pneumomediastinum is typically made through imaging studies. A chest X-ray is often the first test performed, and can show air in the mediastinum. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest can provide more detailed information and help to identify the cause of the pneumomediastinum.

Treatment

The treatment of pneumomediastinum depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In many cases, no specific treatment is needed and the condition will resolve on its own. In more severe cases, treatment may include oxygen therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery.

See also

• Mediastinum
• Chest X-ray
• Computed tomography

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