Fusion gene

Fusion gene is a hybrid gene that results from the combination of two previously separate genes. It can occur as a result of translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. Fusion genes are often found in cancer cells, where they can function as oncogenes.

Formation of Fusion Genes

Fusion genes are formed through various genetic alterations such as translocation, interstitial deletion, or chromosomal inversion. These alterations can lead to the combination of two previously separate genes, resulting in a hybrid or fusion gene.

Role in Cancer

Fusion genes play a significant role in the development of many types of cancer. They can function as oncogenes, driving the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Some well-known fusion genes include BCR-ABL1 in chronic myeloid leukemia, EML4-ALK in non-small cell lung cancer, and TMPRSS2-ERG in prostate cancer.

Detection of Fusion Genes

The detection of fusion genes can be achieved through various methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and next-generation sequencing. These methods can help in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers associated with fusion genes.

Treatment Targeting Fusion Genes

Fusion genes can be targeted for cancer treatment. For example, the drug imatinib targets the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in chronic myeloid leukemia, and crizotinib targets the EML4-ALK fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer.

See Also

• Oncogene
• Cancer
• Translocation
• Interstitial deletion
• Chromosomal inversion
• Fluorescence in situ hybridization
• Polymerase chain reaction

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