Myelitis

Myelitis is an inflammation of the spinal cord, which can disrupt the normal responses from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain. Myelitis can occur in children and adults, in both males and females. It is a rare condition, affecting approximately one in a million people.

Causes

Myelitis is often caused by infections that inflame the spinal cord. These infections can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or parasites. Other causes of myelitis include autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Symptoms

Symptoms of myelitis can vary widely, depending on the area of the spinal cord that is affected. Common symptoms include pain, weakness, numbness, and bladder dysfunction. In severe cases, myelitis can cause paralysis.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of myelitis is typically made through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to visualize the spinal cord and identify areas of inflammation.

Treatment

Treatment for myelitis is aimed at reducing inflammation in the spinal cord and managing symptoms. This may include corticosteroids, plasma exchange therapy, and physical therapy. In some cases, treatment for the underlying cause of the myelitis, such as an infection or autoimmune disease, may also be necessary.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with myelitis varies. Some individuals may recover with minor or no residual problems, while others may have significant long-term disabilities.

See also

• Transverse myelitis
• Optic neuritis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Neuromyelitis optica

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