Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis — a small cartilage "lid" that covers your windpipe — swells, blocking the flow of air into your lungs.

Causes

While a cause is often not found, epiglottitis is usually caused by the bacteria Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Other bacteria and viruses can also cause it. The condition is more common in children but can occur at any age.

Symptoms

The symptoms of epiglottitis can vary greatly, but may include:

• Sudden severe sore throat
• Difficulty and painful swallowing
• Abnormal sounds (stridor) when breathing in
• Fever
• Difficulty speaking
• Feeling of suffocation that requires sitting up or leaning forward to breathe

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of epiglottitis is based on a combination of symptoms and a physical examination. In some cases, a throat culture or blood test may be necessary.

Treatment

Treatment for epiglottitis involves securing the airway so that the patient can breathe, followed by antibiotics to treat the infection. In severe cases, a procedure called a tracheostomy may be necessary.

Prevention

The Hib vaccine is very effective at preventing epiglottitis caused by H. influenzae.

See also

• Laryngitis
• Pharyngitis
• Tonsillitis

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