Enterocyte

Enterocyte

An enterocyte is a cell of the intestinal lining. It is a type of epithelial cell that is specialized for absorbing nutrients from the lumen of the intestine into the bloodstream. Enterocytes are found in the small intestine, where they play a crucial role in digestion and absorption of food.

Structure

Enterocytes are columnar in shape and have a brush border of microvilli on their apical surface. This increases the surface area for absorption. The cells are joined together by tight junctions, which prevent the passage of substances between the cells.

Function

The primary function of enterocytes is to absorb nutrients from the food we eat. They do this by transporting nutrients across their cell membrane and into the bloodstream. This includes the absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.

Enterocytes also have a role in the immune system. They can recognize and respond to pathogens in the gut, and they help to maintain the balance of the gut microbiota.

Clinical significance

Diseases that affect the enterocytes can lead to malabsorption of nutrients, which can cause a variety of symptoms such as weight loss, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies. Examples of such diseases include celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and short bowel syndrome.

See also

• Gastrointestinal tract
• Digestion
• Nutrient absorption
• Epithelial cells

References

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