N-Nitrosodimethylamine

N-Nitrosodimethylamine (also known as NDMA) is a semi-volatile organic chemical that is highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic. It is a member of the class of nitrosamines, which are used in the manufacture of liquid rocket fuel, antioxidants, additives for lubricants, and softeners for copolymers. NDMA can also be formed unintentionally in certain chemical reactions.

Sources and Exposure

NDMA is not produced commercially in the United States, except for use as a research chemical. It was formerly used in the production of rocket fuel, but this use was discontinued after high levels of the chemical were found in air, soil, and water samples collected near a rocket fuel manufacturing plant.

Exposure to NDMA can occur through a variety of routes, including inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. It can be found in a variety of consumer products, including tobacco smoke, chewing tobacco, beer, fish, cheese, and other foods. NDMA can also form during the cooking process, particularly when foods are grilled, smoked, or cured.

Health Effects

NDMA is classified as a probable human carcinogen based on evidence from laboratory animal studies. Long-term exposure to NDMA can increase the risk of developing liver, lung, and gastrointestinal cancers. Short-term exposure can cause liver damage and other adverse health effects.

Regulation and Standards

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for NDMA in drinking water at 0.0007 milligrams per liter (mg/L). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for NDMA in workplace air at 1 part per million (ppm).

See Also

• Nitrosamines
• Carcinogens
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration

References

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