Swimming-induced pulmonary edema

Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE), also known as immersion pulmonary edema, is a condition that can occur during swimming or diving, where fluid accumulates in the lungs. It is a form of pulmonary edema that is triggered by physical exertion and immersion in water.

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Illustration of Swimming-induced pulmonary edema

Causes

SIPE is caused by a combination of increased blood pressure in the pulmonary capillaries and changes in the pressure inside the chest due to immersion in water. This can lead to fluid leaking into the lungs. Factors that can increase the risk of SIPE include cold water, strenuous exercise, and pre-existing heart conditions.

Symptoms

Symptoms of SIPE can include difficulty breathing, coughing, frothy or bloody sputum, and chest pain. These symptoms can occur during or after swimming or diving, and can be severe enough to impair the person's ability to swim or dive.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of SIPE is based on the symptoms and the circumstances in which they occur. Tests such as a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan may be used to confirm the presence of fluid in the lungs.

Treatment

Treatment for SIPE typically involves removing the person from the water and providing oxygen therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for SIPE can include avoiding overly strenuous exercise during swimming or diving, especially in cold water, and managing any pre-existing heart conditions.