Vaginal discharge

Visual representation of normal and abnormal vaginal discharge

The term Vaginal Discharge refers to the normal or abnormal secretions from the vagina. The vagina and the cervical glands produce mucus that is naturally discharged, particularly during the reproductive years. However, changes in color, consistency, volume, or odor of these secretions can indicate various health conditions.

Physiology of Normal Discharge

Normal vaginal discharge helps keep the vaginal tissues healthy, provides lubrication, and protects against infection and irritation. The amount and consistency can vary throughout the menstrual cycle, often becoming thinner and more copious during ovulation.

Abnormal Discharge and Causes

Abnormal vaginal discharge may differ from normal discharge in color, consistency, volume, or odor. It often indicates an infection or other medical condition:

• Infections: Infections such as bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and candidiasis can cause changes in vaginal discharge.
• Foreign Bodies: Forgotten tampons or other foreign bodies can cause a foul-smelling discharge.
• Cancer: Though less common, cervical or vaginal cancer can also cause changes in vaginal discharge.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Alongside changes in discharge, symptoms like itching, burning, pelvic pain, and dysuria often occur. Diagnosis involves history taking, physical and pelvic examination, and laboratory testing of the discharge to identify the causative agent.

Treatment and Management

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Antibiotics are typically used for bacterial infections, while antifungal medications are used for yeast infections. Regular gynecological check-ups can help detect and treat any changes early.

See Also

• Bacterial vaginosis
• Candidiasis
• Sexually transmitted infection
• Pelvic inflammatory disease

References

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