Dust mite allergy

Dust Mite Allergy' is a common condition caused by an allergic reaction to dust mites, microscopic organisms that thrive in household dust. People with this allergy have symptoms that can range from mild to severe and are often similar to those of hay fever or asthma.

Causes

Dust mite allergies are triggered by proteins found in the feces and decaying bodies of dust mites. These proteins can cause the immune system of an allergic person to overreact, leading to inflammation in the nasal passages or lungs.

Symptoms

Common symptoms of a dust mite allergy include:

Sneezing
Runny or stuffy nose
Itchy, red, or watery eyes
Postnasal drip
Cough
Facial pressure and pain
Frequent awakening
Swollen, blue-colored skin under the eyes
In a child, frequent upward rubbing of the nose

If a dust mite allergy contributes to asthma, one may also experience:

Difficulty breathing
Chest tightness or pain
An audible whistling or wheezing sound when exhaling
Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing, or wheezing

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of a dust mite allergy typically involves a medical history and physical exam. A doctor may also recommend one or more tests to confirm the allergy:

Skin prick test: A small amount of the allergen is placed on the skin, which is then pricked to allow the allergen to enter underneath. A reaction indicates an allergy.
Allergen-specific IgE antibody test: This blood test measures the immune system's response to dust mites by measuring the amount of certain antibodies in the bloodstream.

Treatment

Treatment for a dust mite allergy can include a combination of medications and lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms. Medications may include:

Nasal corticosteroids
Antihistamines
Decongestants
Leukotriene modifiers
Nasal irrigation

Lifestyle changes and home remedies that can help manage symptoms include:

Using allergen-proof bed covers
Washing bedding in hot water weekly
Keeping humidity low
Removing carpeting from bedrooms
Using a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter in the bedroom

Prevention

Preventive measures to reduce exposure to dust mites include:

Encasing mattresses, box springs, and pillows in allergen-proof covers
Washing all bedding in hot water at least once a week
Maintaining low indoor humidity
Removing dust-collecting clutter from the home
Vacuuming regularly with a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter