Neural crest

Neural Crest

The Neural Crest is a group of cells that originate in the embryo and can differentiate into a variety of cell and tissue types. These include some of the cells and tissues in the cranial nerves, ganglia, adrenal glands, and heart. The neural crest is a key component of the vertebrate body plan and is unique to vertebrates.

Development

The neural crest originates from the ectoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo. The ectoderm is the outermost layer, and it forms from the epiblast. The neural crest is formed during the process of neurulation, when the neural tube is formed.

Function

The neural crest has several functions in the development of the vertebrate body. These include the formation of the peripheral nervous system, the endocrine system, and the cardiovascular system. The neural crest also contributes to the formation of the face and skull in vertebrates.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in neural crest development can lead to a variety of birth defects, including neurocristopathies, which are diseases caused by abnormal development of neural crest cells. These can include Hirschsprung's disease, DiGeorge syndrome, and neuroblastoma, a type of cancer that often occurs in the adrenal glands.

See also

• Neurulation
• Ectoderm
• Neurocristopathy

References

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