Trabecula

Trabecula

Diagram showing different angles of the femoral neck, illustrating trabecular patterns.

Cross-section of bone showing trabecular structure.

Trabecular pattern in a lung tumor.

Normal trabecular bone structure.

A trabecula (plural: trabeculae) is a small, often microscopic, tissue element in the form of a small beam, strut, or rod. Trabeculae are typically found in spongy bone, also known as cancellous bone, and are crucial for providing structural support and strength to the bone while minimizing weight.

Structure

Trabeculae are composed of lamellae arranged in an irregular latticework of thin columns. These columns are oriented along lines of stress, which helps the bone resist forces from various directions. The spaces between trabeculae are filled with bone marrow, which can be either red or yellow, depending on the bone's location and the individual's age.

Function

The primary function of trabeculae is to provide structural support and strength to bones. They help distribute mechanical loads and stresses throughout the bone, reducing the risk of fractures. Trabeculae also play a role in the metabolic processes of bone, including the storage and release of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

Clinical significance

Trabecular patterns can be altered in various diseases and conditions. For example, in osteoporosis, the trabeculae become thinner and less dense, leading to increased bone fragility and a higher risk of fractures. In contrast, conditions such as osteopetrosis result in abnormally dense trabeculae, which can lead to brittle bones.

Related pages

• Bone
• Cancellous bone
• Osteoporosis
• Osteopetrosis

References

• Rho, J. Y., Kuhn-Spearing, L., & Zioupos, P. (1998). Mechanical properties and the hierarchical structure of bone. Medical Engineering & Physics, 20(2), 92-102.
• Seeman, E. (2008). Bone quality: the material and structural basis of bone strength. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 23(12), 1933-1938.