Pentachlorophenol

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a chemical compound that was widely used in the past, particularly in the United States, as a pesticide and wood preservative. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Its chemical formula is C6Cl5OH.

History

PCP was first synthesized in the early 20th century. It was initially used as a disinfectant but its use expanded significantly after World War II when it was found to be an effective pesticide and wood preservative. However, due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment, its use has been restricted in many countries.

Production and use

PCP is produced by the chlorination of phenol in the presence of a catalyst such as sulfuric acid. It was widely used as a wood preservative for utility poles, railroad ties, and other outdoor wood products. It was also used as a pesticide for control of termites, ants, and other pests.

Health effects

Exposure to PCP can cause a variety of health effects. Short-term exposure can cause eye and skin irritation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and difficulty breathing. Long-term exposure can cause damage to the liver, kidneys, blood, lungs, nervous system, immune system, and gastrointestinal tract. It is also a probable human carcinogen.

Environmental effects

PCP is very persistent in the environment and can remain in soil and water for many years. It can also bioaccumulate in fish and other aquatic organisms. It is toxic to a wide range of organisms including fish, birds, and mammals.

Regulation

Due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment, the use of PCP has been restricted in many countries. In the United States, it is classified as a restricted use pesticide and its use is limited to certified applicators.

See also

• Chlorophenol
• Wood preservation
• Pesticide toxicity to bees

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