Trichosporon

Genus of fungi

Trichosporon is a genus of fungi in the family Trichosporonaceae. This genus is known for its role in human disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Species within this genus are yeast-like fungi that can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and as part of the normal microbiota of the human skin and gastrointestinal tract.

Taxonomy

The genus Trichosporon was first described by Behrend in 1890. It belongs to the class Tremellomycetes and the order Tremellales. The taxonomy of Trichosporon has been subject to revision as molecular techniques have improved, leading to the identification of new species and reclassification of existing ones.

Morphology

Trichosporon species are characterized by their ability to form hyphae, pseudohyphae, and arthroconidia. These fungi can produce biofilms and are known for their dimorphic nature, existing in both yeast and filamentous forms.

Pathogenicity

Trichosporon species are opportunistic pathogens, meaning they primarily cause infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. The most common infections caused by Trichosporon are superficial and systemic mycoses. Superficial infections include white piedra, a condition affecting the hair shafts. Systemic infections, such as trichosporonosis, can occur in immunocompromised patients, including those undergoing chemotherapy or organ transplantation.

Clinical Significance

Trichosporon infections can be challenging to treat due to their resistance to common antifungal agents. Amphotericin B and azole antifungals are typically used, but treatment outcomes can vary. Early diagnosis and appropriate antifungal therapy are crucial for managing infections.

Ecology

Trichosporon species are widely distributed in nature. They are commonly isolated from soil, water, and decaying organic matter. In humans, they are part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, and gastrointestinal tract.

Research

Research on Trichosporon focuses on understanding its pathogenic mechanisms, resistance to antifungal drugs, and potential roles in biotechnology. Studies are ongoing to develop better diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for infections caused by this genus.

Related pages

• Fungi
• Yeast
• Opportunistic infection
• Antifungal

References

• Guého, E., et al. (1992). "The genus Trichosporon: a review." Journal of Medical and Veterinary Mycology.
• Colombo, A. L., et al. (2011). "Epidemiology of Trichosporon spp. and Infections." Clinical Microbiology Reviews.
• Sugita, T., et al. (2002). "Molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Trichosporon and related species based on large-subunit rRNA gene sequences." Journal of Clinical Microbiology.