Tolbutamide

Tolbutamide is an oral hypoglycemic agent used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. It belongs to the sulfonylurea class of drugs, which are insulin secretagogues. Tolbutamide works by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, thereby lowering blood glucose levels.

Pharmacology

Tolbutamide is a sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic agent. It works by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas. This action is dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. Tolbutamide is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily to hydroxytolbutamide.

Clinical Use

Tolbutamide is used in the management of type 2 diabetes when diet alone is not adequate to control blood sugar levels. It is usually used in conjunction with a proper diet and exercise program to control high blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Side Effects

Common side effects of tolbutamide include nausea, upset stomach, and skin rash or itching. More serious side effects can include low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), jaundice, and thrombocytopenia.

Contraindications

Tolbutamide is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, in patients with type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, and in patients with severe renal or hepatic insufficiency.

Interactions

Tolbutamide may interact with other drugs, including beta blockers, which can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia, and certain antibiotics, which can increase the risk of hypoglycemia.

See Also

• Sulfonylurea
• Diabetes mellitus type 2
• Oral hypoglycemic agent

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