Translation (biology)

Translation (biology)

Translation is a process in biology that involves decoding an mRNA sequence into a protein. The process is part of the larger protein synthesis mechanism that includes transcription and translation.

Overview

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm where the ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three bases to assemble the protein. These groups of three bases, known as codons, correspond to one of twenty different amino acids.

Process

The process of translation can be broken down into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Initiation

In the initiation stage, the ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA so translation can begin.

Elongation

During the elongation stage, amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNAs and linked together to form a polypeptide chain. This chain will eventually become a fully functioning protein.

Termination

The termination stage occurs when a stop codon is reached. The polypeptide chain is then released.

See also

• Genetic code
• Gene expression
• Protein biosynthesis

References

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