Period

Period or menstruation is a natural part of the reproductive cycle in which blood from the uterus exits the body through the vagina. It is a major stage of puberty in girls and an important marker for the onset of puberty.

Overview

Menstruation in human females typically begins at about age 12, although it may start earlier or later. The menstrual cycle is a 28-day cycle that is part of the female body's preparation for possible pregnancy. Each month, one of the ovaries releases an egg — a process called ovulation. At the same time, hormonal changes prepare the uterus for pregnancy. If ovulation takes place and the egg isn't fertilized, the lining of the uterus sheds through the vagina. This is a menstrual period.

Symptoms

Common menstrual symptoms include abdominal cramping, bloating, irritability, breast tenderness, and mood changes. However, these symptoms vary widely from woman to woman and from cycle to cycle.

Menstrual Disorders

There are several types of menstrual disorders. The most common include premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia.

Treatment

Treatment for menstrual disorders depends on the underlying cause and may include lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery.

See Also

• Menstrual cycle
• Menopause
• Reproductive system
• Ovulation