Flaviviridae
Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that includes several important human pathogens, such as Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus, and Hepatitis C virus. These viruses are primarily transmitted by arthropods, particularly mosquitoes and ticks.
Classification
The Flaviviridae family is divided into four genera:
Each of these genera includes several species of viruses that cause disease in humans and other animals.
Structure and Genome
Flaviviridae viruses are enveloped, with icosahedral and spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 40-60 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 10-11kb in length.
Replication
Flaviviridae viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the host cell. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by budding, and tubule-guided viral movement. Humans, mammals, birds, and arthropods serve as the natural host.
Diseases
Flaviviridae viruses cause a wide range of diseases in humans and other animals. These include:
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention of Flaviviridae infections primarily involves controlling the arthropod vectors that transmit these viruses. Vaccines are available for some Flaviviridae viruses, including Yellow fever virus and Dengue virus. Treatment is primarily supportive, as there are currently no antiviral drugs approved for the treatment of Flaviviridae infections.
See Also
References
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