Prognathism: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Prognathism | |||
| image = [[File:Prognathism3.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = A person with prognathism | |||
| field = [[Orthodontics]], [[Maxillofacial surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Protruding jaw | |||
| symptoms = [[Protrusion]] of the [[mandible]] or [[maxilla]] | |||
| complications = [[Malocclusion]], [[speech disorder]] | |||
| onset = Congenital or acquired | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic disorder]], [[acromegaly]], [[injury]] | |||
| risks = [[Family history]], [[endocrine disorders]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Physical examination]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Acromegaly]], [[Crouzon syndrome]], [[Apert syndrome]] | |||
| treatment = [[Orthodontic treatment]], [[orthognathic surgery]] | |||
| prognosis = Varies depending on severity and treatment | |||
| frequency = Common in certain [[genetic populations]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Prognathism3.png|thumb|Prognathism]] | |||
[[File:Mandibular_prognathism_pre-surgery.png|thumb|Mandibular prognathism pre-surgery]] | |||
[[File:Alveolprog.jpg|left|thumb|Alveolar prognathism]] | |||
[[File:Charles_II.jpg|left|thumb|Charles II of Spain]] | |||
'''Prognathism''' is a medical condition where the [[jaw]] or [[teeth]] project forward. This condition can affect the [[maxilla]] (upper jaw) or the [[mandible]] (lower jaw). Prognathism can be a normal variation of human [[anatomy]], a characteristic of several [[ethnic group|ethnic groups]], or a symptom of a medical condition or syndrome. | '''Prognathism''' is a medical condition where the [[jaw]] or [[teeth]] project forward. This condition can affect the [[maxilla]] (upper jaw) or the [[mandible]] (lower jaw). Prognathism can be a normal variation of human [[anatomy]], a characteristic of several [[ethnic group|ethnic groups]], or a symptom of a medical condition or syndrome. | ||
==Types of Prognathism== | ==Types of Prognathism== | ||
There are three main types of prognathism: | There are three main types of prognathism: | ||
* '''[[Mandibular prognathism]]''': Also known as ''prognathia'', this condition is characterized by an extended lower jaw. It is often associated with [[acrocephaly]] and [[Crouzon syndrome]]. | * '''[[Mandibular prognathism]]''': Also known as ''prognathia'', this condition is characterized by an extended lower jaw. It is often associated with [[acrocephaly]] and [[Crouzon syndrome]]. | ||
* '''[[Maxillary prognathism]]''': Also known as ''overjet'', this condition is characterized by an extended upper jaw. It is often associated with [[Apert syndrome]]. | * '''[[Maxillary prognathism]]''': Also known as ''overjet'', this condition is characterized by an extended upper jaw. It is often associated with [[Apert syndrome]]. | ||
* '''[[Bimaxillary prognathism]]''': This condition is characterized by both the upper and lower jaws being extended. It is often associated with [[Basal cell nevus syndrome]]. | * '''[[Bimaxillary prognathism]]''': This condition is characterized by both the upper and lower jaws being extended. It is often associated with [[Basal cell nevus syndrome]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Prognathism can be caused by various factors, including [[genetic disorder|genetic conditions]], [[hormone]] imbalances, and certain [[disease]]s. It can also be a normal characteristic of certain ethnic groups, such as some [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] and [[African people|Africans]]. | Prognathism can be caused by various factors, including [[genetic disorder|genetic conditions]], [[hormone]] imbalances, and certain [[disease]]s. It can also be a normal characteristic of certain ethnic groups, such as some [[indigenous peoples of the Americas]] and [[African people|Africans]]. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for prognathism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment may involve [[orthodontic]] therapy, [[surgery]], or a combination of both. | Treatment for prognathism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment may involve [[orthodontic]] therapy, [[surgery]], or a combination of both. | ||
==Images== | |||
<gallery> | |||
File:Vlad_Tepes_002.jpg|Vlad the Impaler | |||
File:Arveprins_Frederik_(Juel).jpg|Crown Prince Frederick | |||
File:Pedro_II_of_Brazil_1851_edit.png|Pedro II of Brazil | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Orthognathic surgery]] | * [[Orthognathic surgery]] | ||
* [[Malocclusion]] | * [[Malocclusion]] | ||
* [[Craniofacial surgery]] | * [[Craniofacial surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] | [[Category:Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] | ||
[[Category:Orthodontics]] | [[Category:Orthodontics]] | ||
[[Category:Jaw disorders]] | [[Category:Jaw disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Revision as of 12:21, 14 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Prognathism | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Protruding jaw |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Protrusion of the mandible or maxilla |
| Complications | Malocclusion, speech disorder |
| Onset | Congenital or acquired |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic disorder, acromegaly, injury |
| Risks | Family history, endocrine disorders |
| Diagnosis | Physical examination, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Acromegaly, Crouzon syndrome, Apert syndrome |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Orthodontic treatment, orthognathic surgery |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Varies depending on severity and treatment |
| Frequency | Common in certain genetic populations |
| Deaths | N/A |
Prognathism is a medical condition where the jaw or teeth project forward. This condition can affect the maxilla (upper jaw) or the mandible (lower jaw). Prognathism can be a normal variation of human anatomy, a characteristic of several ethnic groups, or a symptom of a medical condition or syndrome.
Types of Prognathism
There are three main types of prognathism:
- Mandibular prognathism: Also known as prognathia, this condition is characterized by an extended lower jaw. It is often associated with acrocephaly and Crouzon syndrome.
- Maxillary prognathism: Also known as overjet, this condition is characterized by an extended upper jaw. It is often associated with Apert syndrome.
- Bimaxillary prognathism: This condition is characterized by both the upper and lower jaws being extended. It is often associated with Basal cell nevus syndrome.
Causes
Prognathism can be caused by various factors, including genetic conditions, hormone imbalances, and certain diseases. It can also be a normal characteristic of certain ethnic groups, such as some indigenous peoples of the Americas and Africans.
Treatment
Treatment for prognathism depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment is necessary. In other cases, treatment may involve orthodontic therapy, surgery, or a combination of both.
Images
-
Vlad the Impaler -
Crown Prince Frederick
-
Pedro II of Brazil
.jpg){kind=link}