Malum perforans: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Malum perforans | |||
| image = [[File:Diabetisches_Fußsyndrom.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Diabetic foot ulcer, a common presentation of malum perforans | |||
| synonyms = Perforating ulcer | |||
| specialty = [[Podiatry]], [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Ulcer]]s on the [[foot]], often on pressure points | |||
| complications = [[Infection]], [[osteomyelitis]], [[amputation]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Diabetes mellitus]], [[neuropathy]] | |||
| risks = Poor [[glycemic control]], [[peripheral neuropathy]], [[peripheral artery disease]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical examination, [[X-ray]], [[MRI]] | |||
| differential = [[Venous ulcer]], [[arterial ulcer]], [[pressure ulcer]] | |||
| treatment = Offloading pressure, [[debridement]], [[antibiotics]], [[glycemic control]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on [[glycemic control]] and [[infection]] management | |||
| frequency = Common in patients with [[diabetes]] | |||
}} | |||
[[File:Neuropathic_heel_ulcer_diabetic.jpg|Malum_perforans|thumb|left]] | |||
'''Malum perforans''' (also known as a '''trophic ulcer''', or '''neurotrophic ulcer''') is a long-lasting, usually painless ulcer that penetrates deep into or through the skin, usually on the bottom of the foot, associated with [[neuropathy|neurological]] and [[metabolic disorders]], including [[diabetes|diabetes mellitus]], [[tabes dorsalis]], and [[leprosy]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |year=2006 |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher= Saunders Elsevier |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |page=790}}</ref> | '''Malum perforans''' (also known as a '''trophic ulcer''', or '''neurotrophic ulcer''') is a long-lasting, usually painless ulcer that penetrates deep into or through the skin, usually on the bottom of the foot, associated with [[neuropathy|neurological]] and [[metabolic disorders]], including [[diabetes|diabetes mellitus]], [[tabes dorsalis]], and [[leprosy]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. |year=2006 |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology |publisher= Saunders Elsevier |isbn=0-7216-2921-0 |page=790}}</ref> | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The main symptom of malum perforans is the presence of skin ulcers, usually on the bottom of the foot. These ulcers are typically painless and can penetrate deep into or through the skin. | The main symptom of malum perforans is the presence of skin ulcers, usually on the bottom of the foot. These ulcers are typically painless and can penetrate deep into or through the skin. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Malum perforans is associated with several neurological and metabolic disorders. These include: | Malum perforans is associated with several neurological and metabolic disorders. These include: | ||
* [[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes]]: High blood sugar levels can damage nerves over time, leading to neuropathy and the development of malum perforans. | * [[Diabetes mellitus|Diabetes]]: High blood sugar levels can damage nerves over time, leading to neuropathy and the development of malum perforans. | ||
* [[Tabes dorsalis]]: This is a form of neurosyphilis, which can cause nerve damage and lead to the development of malum perforans. | * [[Tabes dorsalis]]: This is a form of neurosyphilis, which can cause nerve damage and lead to the development of malum perforans. | ||
* [[Leprosy]]: This infectious disease can cause nerve damage and skin ulcers, leading to malum perforans. | * [[Leprosy]]: This infectious disease can cause nerve damage and skin ulcers, leading to malum perforans. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment for malum perforans focuses on managing the underlying condition causing the ulcers. This may involve: | Treatment for malum perforans focuses on managing the underlying condition causing the ulcers. This may involve: | ||
* [[Blood sugar]] control for diabetes | * [[Blood sugar]] control for diabetes | ||
* [[Antibiotics]] for tabes dorsalis or leprosy | * [[Antibiotics]] for tabes dorsalis or leprosy | ||
* [[Wound care]] for the ulcers, including cleaning and dressing the wound, and off-loading pressure from the ulcerated area. | * [[Wound care]] for the ulcers, including cleaning and dressing the wound, and off-loading pressure from the ulcerated area. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[List of cutaneous conditions]] | * [[List of cutaneous conditions]] | ||
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* [[Tabes dorsalis]] | * [[Tabes dorsalis]] | ||
* [[Leprosy]] | * [[Leprosy]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Skin conditions]] | [[Category:Skin conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Neurological disorders]] | [[Category:Neurological disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | [[Category:Metabolic disorders]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:30, 9 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Malum perforans | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Perforating ulcer |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Podiatry, Endocrinology |
| Symptoms | Ulcers on the foot, often on pressure points |
| Complications | Infection, osteomyelitis, amputation |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Diabetes mellitus, neuropathy |
| Risks | Poor glycemic control, peripheral neuropathy, peripheral artery disease |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, X-ray, MRI |
| Differential diagnosis | Venous ulcer, arterial ulcer, pressure ulcer |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Offloading pressure, debridement, antibiotics, glycemic control |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on glycemic control and infection management |
| Frequency | Common in patients with diabetes |
| Deaths | N/A |
Malum perforans (also known as a trophic ulcer, or neurotrophic ulcer) is a long-lasting, usually painless ulcer that penetrates deep into or through the skin, usually on the bottom of the foot, associated with neurological and metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus, tabes dorsalis, and leprosy.<ref>James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al.,
Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical Dermatology, , 2006,</ref>
Symptoms[edit]
The main symptom of malum perforans is the presence of skin ulcers, usually on the bottom of the foot. These ulcers are typically painless and can penetrate deep into or through the skin.
Causes[edit]
Malum perforans is associated with several neurological and metabolic disorders. These include:
- Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage nerves over time, leading to neuropathy and the development of malum perforans.
- Tabes dorsalis: This is a form of neurosyphilis, which can cause nerve damage and lead to the development of malum perforans.
- Leprosy: This infectious disease can cause nerve damage and skin ulcers, leading to malum perforans.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for malum perforans focuses on managing the underlying condition causing the ulcers. This may involve:
- Blood sugar control for diabetes
- Antibiotics for tabes dorsalis or leprosy
- Wound care for the ulcers, including cleaning and dressing the wound, and off-loading pressure from the ulcerated area.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references />
