Torus mandibularis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Torus mandibularis | |||
| image = [[File:Torus_cropped.jpg|left|thumb|Torus mandibularis]] | |||
| caption = A torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. | |||
| field = [[Oral and maxillofacial surgery]] | |||
| synonyms = Mandibular torus | |||
| pronunciation = | |||
| symptoms = Bony growths on the inner surface of the mandible | |||
| complications = May interfere with [[denture]] placement | |||
| onset = Usually develops in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = [[Genetic]] and [[environmental factors]] | |||
| risks = More common in certain [[ethnic groups]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Exostosis]], [[osteoma]] | |||
| prevention = None | |||
| treatment = Usually none required, [[surgical removal]] if necessary | |||
| frequency = Varies by population, more common in [[Asian]] and [[Inuit]] populations | |||
}} | |||
'''Torus mandibularis''' is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. This growth may be singular or present in a cluster, and it typically occurs in adults. It is generally a harmless condition and does not require treatment unless it interferes with oral health or prosthetic treatments. | '''Torus mandibularis''' is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. This growth may be singular or present in a cluster, and it typically occurs in adults. It is generally a harmless condition and does not require treatment unless it interferes with oral health or prosthetic treatments. | ||
== Introduction == | |||
== | |||
Torus mandibularis represents an example of a common oral [[anatomical variation]]. The prevalence varies widely depending on the population, but it typically ranges between 5-40%. The condition tends to have a higher prevalence in Asian and Inuit populations and often runs in families, indicating a potential genetic link. | Torus mandibularis represents an example of a common oral [[anatomical variation]]. The prevalence varies widely depending on the population, but it typically ranges between 5-40%. The condition tends to have a higher prevalence in Asian and Inuit populations and often runs in families, indicating a potential genetic link. | ||
== Causes and Risk Factors == | == Causes and Risk Factors == | ||
*The exact cause of torus mandibularis is not well understood. However, researchers believe it could be a multifactorial trait influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental *factors. Some potential contributing factors include: | *The exact cause of torus mandibularis is not well understood. However, researchers believe it could be a multifactorial trait influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental *factors. Some potential contributing factors include: | ||
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*'''Bruxism''': Excessive teeth grinding may contribute to the formation of these bony growths. | *'''Bruxism''': Excessive teeth grinding may contribute to the formation of these bony growths. | ||
*'''Diet''': Some studies have suggested that a diet high in animal protein can increase the likelihood of developing torus mandibularis. | *'''Diet''': Some studies have suggested that a diet high in animal protein can increase the likelihood of developing torus mandibularis. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
In most cases, torus mandibularis doesn't present with symptoms and is often discovered during a routine dental examination. The bony growths can vary in size and number and are generally slow-growing. They are typically located on the inner side of the lower jaw, above the level of the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle, and they can present bilaterally or unilaterally. | In most cases, torus mandibularis doesn't present with symptoms and is often discovered during a routine dental examination. The bony growths can vary in size and number and are generally slow-growing. They are typically located on the inner side of the lower jaw, above the level of the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle, and they can present bilaterally or unilaterally. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of torus mandibularis is typically made during a physical examination of the oral cavity, often during routine dental visits. Imaging studies, such as [[dental radiographs]], may be used to confirm the diagnosis. | Diagnosis of torus mandibularis is typically made during a physical examination of the oral cavity, often during routine dental visits. Imaging studies, such as [[dental radiographs]], may be used to confirm the diagnosis. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment is usually unnecessary unless the torus interferes with oral hygiene, the fit of dentures, or if it becomes traumatized by eating certain foods. In cases where treatment is required, surgical removal (torus reduction) can be performed. | Treatment is usually unnecessary unless the torus interferes with oral hygiene, the fit of dentures, or if it becomes traumatized by eating certain foods. In cases where treatment is required, surgical removal (torus reduction) can be performed. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
Torus mandibularis is a benign condition, and the prognosis is excellent. Even in cases where surgery is necessary, the risk of complications is low, and recurrence is rare. | Torus mandibularis is a benign condition, and the prognosis is excellent. Even in cases where surgery is necessary, the risk of complications is low, and recurrence is rare. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references> | <references> | ||
Latest revision as of 19:25, 8 April 2025
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| Torus mandibularis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Mandibular torus |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Bony growths on the inner surface of the mandible |
| Complications | May interfere with denture placement |
| Onset | Usually develops in adulthood |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Genetic and environmental factors |
| Risks | More common in certain ethnic groups |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Exostosis, osteoma |
| Prevention | None |
| Treatment | Usually none required, surgical removal if necessary |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Varies by population, more common in Asian and Inuit populations |
| Deaths | N/A |
Torus mandibularis is a bony growth in the mandible along the surface nearest to the tongue. This growth may be singular or present in a cluster, and it typically occurs in adults. It is generally a harmless condition and does not require treatment unless it interferes with oral health or prosthetic treatments.
Introduction[edit]
Torus mandibularis represents an example of a common oral anatomical variation. The prevalence varies widely depending on the population, but it typically ranges between 5-40%. The condition tends to have a higher prevalence in Asian and Inuit populations and often runs in families, indicating a potential genetic link.
Causes and Risk Factors[edit]
- The exact cause of torus mandibularis is not well understood. However, researchers believe it could be a multifactorial trait influenced by genetic predisposition and environmental *factors. Some potential contributing factors include:
- Genetics: There's evidence to suggest that torus mandibularis can run in families, suggesting a genetic component to the condition.
- Bruxism: Excessive teeth grinding may contribute to the formation of these bony growths.
- Diet: Some studies have suggested that a diet high in animal protein can increase the likelihood of developing torus mandibularis.
Symptoms[edit]
In most cases, torus mandibularis doesn't present with symptoms and is often discovered during a routine dental examination. The bony growths can vary in size and number and are generally slow-growing. They are typically located on the inner side of the lower jaw, above the level of the attachment of the mylohyoid muscle, and they can present bilaterally or unilaterally.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of torus mandibularis is typically made during a physical examination of the oral cavity, often during routine dental visits. Imaging studies, such as dental radiographs, may be used to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment is usually unnecessary unless the torus interferes with oral hygiene, the fit of dentures, or if it becomes traumatized by eating certain foods. In cases where treatment is required, surgical removal (torus reduction) can be performed.
Prognosis[edit]
Torus mandibularis is a benign condition, and the prognosis is excellent. Even in cases where surgery is necessary, the risk of complications is low, and recurrence is rare.
References[edit]
<references>
- Reichart PA, Neuhaus F, Sookasem M. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis in Germans and Thai. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988;16(1):61-4.
- Al Quran FA, Al-Dwairi ZN. Torus mandibularis: a case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64(6):1022-5.
</references>
