Trachonychia: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Trachonychia | |||
| image = [[File:Lichen_planus_in_finger_nails.JPG|left|thumb|Trachonychia affecting the fingernails]] | |||
| caption = Trachonychia affecting the fingernails | |||
| synonyms = [[Twenty-nail dystrophy]] | |||
| field = [[Dermatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Rough]], [[brittle]], [[thinning]], [[discolored]] nails | |||
| complications = [[Nail dystrophy]] | |||
| onset = [[Childhood]] or [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic]] | |||
| causes = [[Idiopathic]], [[lichen planus]], [[alopecia areata]] | |||
| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical examination]], [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Onychomycosis]], [[psoriasis]], [[eczema]] | |||
| treatment = [[Topical corticosteroids]], [[systemic therapy]], [[phototherapy]] | |||
| prognosis = [[Variable]], often [[benign]] | |||
| frequency = [[Rare]] | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A condition affecting the nails, often associated with lichen planus}} | {{Short description|A condition affecting the nails, often associated with lichen planus}} | ||
Trachonychia, also known as "twenty-nail dystrophy," is a condition characterized by rough, thin, and brittle nails. It can affect both [[fingernails]] and [[toenails]], and is often associated with [[lichen planus]], [[alopecia areata]], and other dermatological conditions. | Trachonychia, also known as "twenty-nail dystrophy," is a condition characterized by rough, thin, and brittle nails. It can affect both [[fingernails]] and [[toenails]], and is often associated with [[lichen planus]], [[alopecia areata]], and other dermatological conditions. | ||
===Clinical Presentation=== | ===Clinical Presentation=== | ||
Trachonychia presents with nails that appear rough and sandpaper-like. The nails may become thin and brittle, and in some cases, they may develop a "sandpaper" texture. The condition can affect all 20 nails, hence the name "twenty-nail dystrophy," but it can also present in fewer nails. | Trachonychia presents with nails that appear rough and sandpaper-like. The nails may become thin and brittle, and in some cases, they may develop a "sandpaper" texture. The condition can affect all 20 nails, hence the name "twenty-nail dystrophy," but it can also present in fewer nails. | ||
===Etiology=== | ===Etiology=== | ||
The exact cause of trachonychia is not well understood, but it is often associated with autoimmune conditions such as [[lichen planus]] and [[alopecia areata]]. It is believed that an inflammatory process affects the nail matrix, leading to the characteristic changes in the nails. | The exact cause of trachonychia is not well understood, but it is often associated with autoimmune conditions such as [[lichen planus]] and [[alopecia areata]]. It is believed that an inflammatory process affects the nail matrix, leading to the characteristic changes in the nails. | ||
===Diagnosis=== | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
Diagnosis of trachonychia is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the nails. A [[dermatologist]] may perform a [[nail biopsy]] to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. The biopsy typically shows spongiosis and a lichenoid tissue reaction in the nail matrix. | Diagnosis of trachonychia is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the nails. A [[dermatologist]] may perform a [[nail biopsy]] to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. The biopsy typically shows spongiosis and a lichenoid tissue reaction in the nail matrix. | ||
===Management=== | ===Management=== | ||
There is no specific treatment for trachonychia, and management is often focused on treating any underlying conditions such as lichen planus or alopecia areata. In some cases, topical or intralesional [[corticosteroids]] may be used to reduce inflammation. The condition may resolve spontaneously over time. | There is no specific treatment for trachonychia, and management is often focused on treating any underlying conditions such as lichen planus or alopecia areata. In some cases, topical or intralesional [[corticosteroids]] may be used to reduce inflammation. The condition may resolve spontaneously over time. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Lichen planus]] | * [[Lichen planus]] | ||
* [[Alopecia areata]] | * [[Alopecia areata]] | ||
* [[Nail anatomy]] | * [[Nail anatomy]] | ||
* [[Dermatology]] | * [[Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | [[Category:Dermatology]] | ||
[[Category:Nail diseases]] | [[Category:Nail diseases]] | ||
Revision as of 19:18, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Trachonychia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Twenty-nail dystrophy |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Rough, brittle, thinning, discolored nails |
| Complications | Nail dystrophy |
| Onset | Childhood or adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Idiopathic, lichen planus, alopecia areata |
| Risks | Genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Onychomycosis, psoriasis, eczema |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Topical corticosteroids, systemic therapy, phototherapy |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, often benign |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A condition affecting the nails, often associated with lichen planus
Trachonychia, also known as "twenty-nail dystrophy," is a condition characterized by rough, thin, and brittle nails. It can affect both fingernails and toenails, and is often associated with lichen planus, alopecia areata, and other dermatological conditions.
Clinical Presentation
Trachonychia presents with nails that appear rough and sandpaper-like. The nails may become thin and brittle, and in some cases, they may develop a "sandpaper" texture. The condition can affect all 20 nails, hence the name "twenty-nail dystrophy," but it can also present in fewer nails.
Etiology
The exact cause of trachonychia is not well understood, but it is often associated with autoimmune conditions such as lichen planus and alopecia areata. It is believed that an inflammatory process affects the nail matrix, leading to the characteristic changes in the nails.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of trachonychia is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the nails. A dermatologist may perform a nail biopsy to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions. The biopsy typically shows spongiosis and a lichenoid tissue reaction in the nail matrix.
Management
There is no specific treatment for trachonychia, and management is often focused on treating any underlying conditions such as lichen planus or alopecia areata. In some cases, topical or intralesional corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation. The condition may resolve spontaneously over time.
