XY gonadal dysgenesis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = XY gonadal dysgenesis | |||
| image = [[File:PBB_Protein_SRY_image.jpg]] | |||
| caption = SRY protein, which is often involved in cases of XY gonadal dysgenesis | |||
| synonyms = Swyer syndrome | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]], [[Genetics]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Streak gonads]], [[amenorrhea]], lack of secondary sexual characteristics | |||
| complications = [[Infertility]], increased risk of [[gonadal tumors]] | |||
| onset = Congenital | |||
| duration = Lifelong | |||
| causes = Mutations in the [[SRY gene]], other genetic mutations | |||
| risks = Family history, genetic factors | |||
| diagnosis = [[Karyotype]] analysis, genetic testing | |||
| differential = [[Androgen insensitivity syndrome]], [[Turner syndrome]] | |||
| treatment = [[Hormone replacement therapy]], surgical removal of gonads | |||
| prognosis = Good with treatment, but requires lifelong management | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:XY Gonadal Dysgenesis}} | {{DISPLAYTITLE:XY Gonadal Dysgenesis}} | ||
'''XY gonadal dysgenesis''', also known as '''Swyer syndrome''', is a type of [[disorder of sex development]] (DSD) characterized by the presence of a 46,XY [[karyotype]] in an individual with female external genitalia and non-functional [[gonads]]. This condition is a form of [[gonadal dysgenesis]], where the gonads are present as "streak gonads" rather than functional [[ovaries]] or [[testes]]. | '''XY gonadal dysgenesis''', also known as '''Swyer syndrome''', is a type of [[disorder of sex development]] (DSD) characterized by the presence of a 46,XY [[karyotype]] in an individual with female external genitalia and non-functional [[gonads]]. This condition is a form of [[gonadal dysgenesis]], where the gonads are present as "streak gonads" rather than functional [[ovaries]] or [[testes]]. | ||
== Pathophysiology == | == Pathophysiology == | ||
XY gonadal dysgenesis occurs due to mutations or deletions in genes involved in the development of the [[testes]]. The most common gene implicated is the [[SRY]] (Sex-determining Region Y) gene, which is located on the [[Y chromosome]]. The SRY gene is responsible for initiating the development of the testes from the [[bipotential gonad]]. | XY gonadal dysgenesis occurs due to mutations or deletions in genes involved in the development of the [[testes]]. The most common gene implicated is the [[SRY]] (Sex-determining Region Y) gene, which is located on the [[Y chromosome]]. The SRY gene is responsible for initiating the development of the testes from the [[bipotential gonad]]. | ||
In individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis, the SRY gene may be absent or non-functional, leading to the failure of testicular development. As a result, the [[Müllerian ducts]] do not regress, and the individual develops female internal genitalia, such as a [[uterus]] and [[fallopian tubes]]. | In individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis, the SRY gene may be absent or non-functional, leading to the failure of testicular development. As a result, the [[Müllerian ducts]] do not regress, and the individual develops female internal genitalia, such as a [[uterus]] and [[fallopian tubes]]. | ||
== Clinical Presentation == | == Clinical Presentation == | ||
Individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis typically present with primary [[amenorrhea]] and lack of secondary sexual characteristics during adolescence. They have a female phenotype with normal female external genitalia but lack functional gonads, leading to [[infertility]]. | Individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis typically present with primary [[amenorrhea]] and lack of secondary sexual characteristics during adolescence. They have a female phenotype with normal female external genitalia but lack functional gonads, leading to [[infertility]]. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of XY gonadal dysgenesis is based on clinical evaluation, hormonal assays, and karyotyping. A 46,XY karyotype in an individual with female external genitalia and streak gonads confirms the diagnosis. Hormonal tests typically show low levels of [[estrogen]] and elevated levels of [[gonadotropins]] due to the lack of functional gonads. | Diagnosis of XY gonadal dysgenesis is based on clinical evaluation, hormonal assays, and karyotyping. A 46,XY karyotype in an individual with female external genitalia and streak gonads confirms the diagnosis. Hormonal tests typically show low levels of [[estrogen]] and elevated levels of [[gonadotropins]] due to the lack of functional gonads. | ||
== Management == | == Management == | ||
Management of XY gonadal dysgenesis involves [[hormone replacement therapy]] to induce the development of secondary sexual characteristics and maintain bone health. Surgical removal of streak gonads is recommended to prevent the risk of [[gonadoblastoma]], a type of tumor that can develop in dysgenetic gonads. | Management of XY gonadal dysgenesis involves [[hormone replacement therapy]] to induce the development of secondary sexual characteristics and maintain bone health. Surgical removal of streak gonads is recommended to prevent the risk of [[gonadoblastoma]], a type of tumor that can develop in dysgenetic gonads. | ||
== See also == | |||
== | |||
* [[Disorder of sex development]] | * [[Disorder of sex development]] | ||
* [[Karyotype]] | * [[Karyotype]] | ||
| Line 26: | Line 35: | ||
* [[Gonadal dysgenesis]] | * [[Gonadal dysgenesis]] | ||
* [[Amenorrhea]] | * [[Amenorrhea]] | ||
[[Category:Genetic disorders]] | [[Category:Genetic disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Intersex variations]] | [[Category:Intersex variations]] | ||
[[Category:Endocrine disorders]] | [[Category:Endocrine disorders]] | ||
Latest revision as of 19:13, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| XY gonadal dysgenesis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | Swyer syndrome |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Streak gonads, amenorrhea, lack of secondary sexual characteristics |
| Complications | Infertility, increased risk of gonadal tumors |
| Onset | Congenital |
| Duration | Lifelong |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Mutations in the SRY gene, other genetic mutations |
| Risks | Family history, genetic factors |
| Diagnosis | Karyotype analysis, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Androgen insensitivity syndrome, Turner syndrome |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Hormone replacement therapy, surgical removal of gonads |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with treatment, but requires lifelong management |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
XY gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of disorder of sex development (DSD) characterized by the presence of a 46,XY karyotype in an individual with female external genitalia and non-functional gonads. This condition is a form of gonadal dysgenesis, where the gonads are present as "streak gonads" rather than functional ovaries or testes.
Pathophysiology[edit]
XY gonadal dysgenesis occurs due to mutations or deletions in genes involved in the development of the testes. The most common gene implicated is the SRY (Sex-determining Region Y) gene, which is located on the Y chromosome. The SRY gene is responsible for initiating the development of the testes from the bipotential gonad. In individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis, the SRY gene may be absent or non-functional, leading to the failure of testicular development. As a result, the Müllerian ducts do not regress, and the individual develops female internal genitalia, such as a uterus and fallopian tubes.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Individuals with XY gonadal dysgenesis typically present with primary amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual characteristics during adolescence. They have a female phenotype with normal female external genitalia but lack functional gonads, leading to infertility.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of XY gonadal dysgenesis is based on clinical evaluation, hormonal assays, and karyotyping. A 46,XY karyotype in an individual with female external genitalia and streak gonads confirms the diagnosis. Hormonal tests typically show low levels of estrogen and elevated levels of gonadotropins due to the lack of functional gonads.
Management[edit]
Management of XY gonadal dysgenesis involves hormone replacement therapy to induce the development of secondary sexual characteristics and maintain bone health. Surgical removal of streak gonads is recommended to prevent the risk of gonadoblastoma, a type of tumor that can develop in dysgenetic gonads.
