Shoulder presentation: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
CSV import |
CSV import |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
[[File:Smellie_32.jpg| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Shoulder presentation | |||
| image = [[File:Smellie_32.jpg|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of shoulder presentation | |||
| field = [[Obstetrics]] | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| symptoms = [[Abnormal fetal position]] | |||
| complications = [[Obstructed labor]], [[fetal distress]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| types = | |||
| causes = [[Multiple pregnancy]], [[polyhydramnios]], [[uterine abnormalities]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]], [[physical examination]] | |||
| differential = [[Breech presentation]], [[cephalic presentation]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Cesarean section]], [[external cephalic version]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Shoulder presentation''' is a type of [[malpresentation]] in which the [[fetus]] is positioned with its shoulder pointing towards the birth canal. This condition is a form of [[transverse lie]], where the fetus lies horizontally in the uterus rather than the typical [[cephalic presentation]] (head-first) or [[breech presentation]] (buttocks or feet first). | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Shoulder presentation can be caused by several factors, including: | Shoulder presentation can be caused by several factors, including: | ||
| Line 8: | Line 29: | ||
* [[Placenta previa]], where the placenta covers the cervix | * [[Placenta previa]], where the placenta covers the cervix | ||
* Premature labor, where the fetus has not yet assumed the head-down position | * Premature labor, where the fetus has not yet assumed the head-down position | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Shoulder presentation is typically diagnosed through: | Shoulder presentation is typically diagnosed through: | ||
| Line 14: | Line 34: | ||
* [[Ultrasound]]: Imaging can confirm the position of the fetus. | * [[Ultrasound]]: Imaging can confirm the position of the fetus. | ||
* [[Leopold's maneuvers]]: A series of abdominal palpations to determine fetal position. | * [[Leopold's maneuvers]]: A series of abdominal palpations to determine fetal position. | ||
==Complications== | ==Complications== | ||
Shoulder presentation can lead to several complications, including: | Shoulder presentation can lead to several complications, including: | ||
| Line 21: | Line 40: | ||
* [[Umbilical cord prolapse]] | * [[Umbilical cord prolapse]] | ||
* [[Fetal distress]] | * [[Fetal distress]] | ||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
Management of shoulder presentation may involve: | Management of shoulder presentation may involve: | ||
| Line 27: | Line 45: | ||
* Planning for a [[cesarean section]] if the fetus cannot be repositioned. | * Planning for a [[cesarean section]] if the fetus cannot be repositioned. | ||
* Close monitoring of the pregnancy to manage any arising complications. | * Close monitoring of the pregnancy to manage any arising complications. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Cephalic presentation]] | * [[Cephalic presentation]] | ||
| Line 34: | Line 51: | ||
* [[External cephalic version]] | * [[External cephalic version]] | ||
* [[Cesarean section]] | * [[Cesarean section]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Shoulder presentation}} | {{Commons category|Shoulder presentation}} | ||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | [[Category:Obstetrics]] | ||
[[Category:Pregnancy complications]] | [[Category:Pregnancy complications]] | ||
[[Category:Midwifery]] | [[Category:Midwifery]] | ||
{{Obstetrics-stub}} | {{Obstetrics-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:01, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Shoulder presentation | |
|---|---|
| File:Smellie 32.jpg | |
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Abnormal fetal position |
| Complications | Obstructed labor, fetal distress |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | |
| Causes | Multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, uterine abnormalities |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Ultrasound, physical examination |
| Differential diagnosis | Breech presentation, cephalic presentation |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Cesarean section, external cephalic version |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Shoulder presentation is a type of malpresentation in which the fetus is positioned with its shoulder pointing towards the birth canal. This condition is a form of transverse lie, where the fetus lies horizontally in the uterus rather than the typical cephalic presentation (head-first) or breech presentation (buttocks or feet first).
Causes[edit]
Shoulder presentation can be caused by several factors, including:
- Multiple pregnancy (twins or more)
- Polyhydramnios (excessive amniotic fluid)
- Uterine abnormalities such as fibroids or congenital malformations
- Placenta previa, where the placenta covers the cervix
- Premature labor, where the fetus has not yet assumed the head-down position
Diagnosis[edit]
Shoulder presentation is typically diagnosed through:
- Physical examination: The healthcare provider may feel the shoulder during a pelvic exam.
- Ultrasound: Imaging can confirm the position of the fetus.
- Leopold's maneuvers: A series of abdominal palpations to determine fetal position.
Complications[edit]
Shoulder presentation can lead to several complications, including:
- Obstructed labor
- Increased risk of cesarean section
- Umbilical cord prolapse
- Fetal distress
Management[edit]
Management of shoulder presentation may involve:
- Attempting an external cephalic version (ECV) to turn the fetus to a head-down position.
- Planning for a cesarean section if the fetus cannot be repositioned.
- Close monitoring of the pregnancy to manage any arising complications.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references group="" responsive="1"></references>
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
.
This obstetrics related article is a stub.
