Parathyroid adenoma: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Blausen_0533_Parathyroid_adenoma.png| | {{SI}} | ||
{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Parathyroid adenoma | |||
| image = [[File:Blausen_0533_Parathyroid_adenoma.png|alt=Parathyroid adenoma]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of a parathyroid adenoma | |||
| field = [[Endocrinology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Hypercalcemia]], [[fatigue]], [[depression (mood)|depression]], [[bone pain]], [[kidney stones]] | |||
| complications = [[Osteoporosis]], [[kidney failure]], [[cardiovascular disease]] | |||
| onset = Typically in adults | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = Usually sporadic, sometimes part of [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia]] | |||
| risks = [[Radiation exposure]], [[genetic predisposition]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test|Blood tests]], [[imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Parathyroid hyperplasia]], [[parathyroid carcinoma]] | |||
| treatment = [[Surgery]], [[medication]] | |||
| medication = [[Calcimimetics]], [[bisphosphonates]] | |||
| prognosis = Generally good with treatment | |||
| frequency = Most common cause of [[primary hyperparathyroidism]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Parathyroid adenoma''' is a benign tumor of the [[parathyroid gland]] that causes overproduction of [[parathyroid hormone]] (PTH). This condition is a common cause of [[primary hyperparathyroidism]], which can lead to [[hypercalcemia]] and associated symptoms. | |||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
Parathyroid adenomas are typically solitary and result from the clonal expansion of a single cell that has undergone a genetic mutation. This mutation leads to the overproduction of PTH, which in turn increases the levels of [[calcium]] in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. | Parathyroid adenomas are typically solitary and result from the clonal expansion of a single cell that has undergone a genetic mutation. This mutation leads to the overproduction of PTH, which in turn increases the levels of [[calcium]] in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of parathyroid adenoma are primarily due to hypercalcemia and can include: | The symptoms of parathyroid adenoma are primarily due to hypercalcemia and can include: | ||
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* [[Kidney stones]] | * [[Kidney stones]] | ||
* [[Gastrointestinal disturbances]] | * [[Gastrointestinal disturbances]] | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma typically involves: | Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma typically involves: | ||
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* Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[sestamibi scan]], or [[CT scan]] to localize the adenoma. | * Imaging studies such as [[ultrasound]], [[sestamibi scan]], or [[CT scan]] to localize the adenoma. | ||
* [[Bone density scan]] to assess the impact on bone health. | * [[Bone density scan]] to assess the impact on bone health. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
The primary treatment for parathyroid adenoma is surgical removal of the affected gland, known as [[parathyroidectomy]]. In some cases, minimally invasive techniques can be used. Post-surgery, patients are monitored for calcium levels to ensure they return to normal. | The primary treatment for parathyroid adenoma is surgical removal of the affected gland, known as [[parathyroidectomy]]. In some cases, minimally invasive techniques can be used. Post-surgery, patients are monitored for calcium levels to ensure they return to normal. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with parathyroid adenoma is generally good, especially if the adenoma is detected early and surgically removed. Most patients experience a significant improvement in symptoms and normalization of calcium levels post-surgery. | The prognosis for patients with parathyroid adenoma is generally good, especially if the adenoma is detected early and surgically removed. Most patients experience a significant improvement in symptoms and normalization of calcium levels post-surgery. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Parathyroid adenomas are more common in women than men and typically occur in individuals over the age of 50. The exact cause of the genetic mutations leading to adenoma formation is not well understood, but both genetic and environmental factors may play a role. | Parathyroid adenomas are more common in women than men and typically occur in individuals over the age of 50. The exact cause of the genetic mutations leading to adenoma formation is not well understood, but both genetic and environmental factors may play a role. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Parathyroid gland]] | * [[Parathyroid gland]] | ||
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* [[Hypercalcemia]] | * [[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
* [[Parathyroidectomy]] | * [[Parathyroidectomy]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{Commons category|Parathyroid adenoma}} | {{Commons category|Parathyroid adenoma}} | ||
[[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | [[Category:Endocrine diseases]] | ||
[[Category:Benign neoplasms]] | [[Category:Benign neoplasms]] | ||
[[Category:Parathyroid disorders]] | [[Category:Parathyroid disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Medicine]] | [[Category:Medicine]] | ||
{{Endocrine system diseases}} | {{Endocrine system diseases}} | ||
{{medicine-stub}} | {{medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 15:32, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD's medical weight loss NYC, sleep center NYC
Philadelphia medical weight loss and Philadelphia sleep clinics
| Parathyroid adenoma | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Hypercalcemia, fatigue, depression, bone pain, kidney stones |
| Complications | Osteoporosis, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease |
| Onset | Typically in adults |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Usually sporadic, sometimes part of Multiple endocrine neoplasia |
| Risks | Radiation exposure, genetic predisposition |
| Diagnosis | Blood tests, imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Parathyroid hyperplasia, parathyroid carcinoma |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Surgery, medication |
| Medication | Calcimimetics, bisphosphonates |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | Most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism |
| Deaths | N/A |
Parathyroid adenoma is a benign tumor of the parathyroid gland that causes overproduction of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This condition is a common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism, which can lead to hypercalcemia and associated symptoms.
Pathophysiology[edit]
Parathyroid adenomas are typically solitary and result from the clonal expansion of a single cell that has undergone a genetic mutation. This mutation leads to the overproduction of PTH, which in turn increases the levels of calcium in the blood by promoting calcium release from bones, increasing calcium absorption in the intestines, and reducing calcium excretion by the kidneys.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of parathyroid adenoma are primarily due to hypercalcemia and can include:
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of parathyroid adenoma typically involves:
- Blood tests showing elevated levels of calcium and PTH.
- Imaging studies such as ultrasound, sestamibi scan, or CT scan to localize the adenoma.
- Bone density scan to assess the impact on bone health.
Treatment[edit]
The primary treatment for parathyroid adenoma is surgical removal of the affected gland, known as parathyroidectomy. In some cases, minimally invasive techniques can be used. Post-surgery, patients are monitored for calcium levels to ensure they return to normal.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for patients with parathyroid adenoma is generally good, especially if the adenoma is detected early and surgically removed. Most patients experience a significant improvement in symptoms and normalization of calcium levels post-surgery.
Epidemiology[edit]
Parathyroid adenomas are more common in women than men and typically occur in individuals over the age of 50. The exact cause of the genetic mutations leading to adenoma formation is not well understood, but both genetic and environmental factors may play a role.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Template:Endocrine system diseases
