Paracetamol poisoning: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Paracetamol poisoning | |||
| image = [[File:Paracetamol-skeletal.svg|200px]] | |||
| caption = Skeletal formula of paracetamol | |||
| field = [[Toxicology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[sweating]], [[abdominal pain]], [[jaundice]], [[confusion]], [[coma]] | |||
| complications = [[Liver failure]], [[renal failure]], [[metabolic acidosis]], [[cerebral edema]] | |||
| onset = Symptoms typically appear within 24 hours | |||
| duration = Variable, depending on severity and treatment | |||
| causes = [[Overdose]] of [[paracetamol]] | |||
| risks = [[Alcohol use disorder]], [[malnutrition]], [[chronic liver disease]] | |||
| diagnosis = Based on history, symptoms, and [[blood test]]s | |||
| differential = [[Viral hepatitis]], [[drug-induced liver injury]], [[biliary obstruction]] | |||
| prevention = Adhering to recommended dosages, [[education]] on risks | |||
| treatment = [[Activated charcoal]], [[N-acetylcysteine]] | |||
| prognosis = Good with early treatment, poor if untreated | |||
| frequency = Common in [[developed countries]] | |||
}} | |||
'''Paracetamol poisoning''', also recognized as acetaminophen poisoning, is a potentially serious condition caused by the ingestion of an excessive amount of the over-the-counter medication [[paracetamol]] (known as [[acetaminophen]] in North America). Paracetamol is a common medication used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain and fever. It is generally safe at recommended doses, but excessive intake can lead to severe liver damage and other serious health complications. | '''Paracetamol poisoning''', also recognized as acetaminophen poisoning, is a potentially serious condition caused by the ingestion of an excessive amount of the over-the-counter medication [[paracetamol]] (known as [[acetaminophen]] in North America). Paracetamol is a common medication used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain and fever. It is generally safe at recommended doses, but excessive intake can lead to severe liver damage and other serious health complications. | ||
== Signs and Symptoms == | == Signs and Symptoms == | ||
In the initial 24 hours following a paracetamol overdose, individuals typically experience mild and often nonspecific symptoms, which can include fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. These initial symptoms can mislead both the individual and healthcare professionals due to their common and non-severe nature. | In the initial 24 hours following a paracetamol overdose, individuals typically experience mild and often nonspecific symptoms, which can include fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. These initial symptoms can mislead both the individual and healthcare professionals due to their common and non-severe nature. | ||
After a symptom-free period of a couple of days, more serious signs begin to emerge. These are linked to liver failure and may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), coagulation issues leading to bleeding, and cognitive changes such as confusion. If left untreated, other severe complications may develop, such as kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and lactic acidosis - a condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, which can result in organ failure. | After a symptom-free period of a couple of days, more serious signs begin to emerge. These are linked to liver failure and may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), coagulation issues leading to bleeding, and cognitive changes such as confusion. If left untreated, other severe complications may develop, such as kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and lactic acidosis - a condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, which can result in organ failure. | ||
== Prognosis == | == Prognosis == | ||
If treatment is not promptly initiated, death due to hepatic failure can occur anywhere from 4 to 18 days following the overdose. However, with appropriate treatment, individuals tend to recover fully over a period of a few weeks. | If treatment is not promptly initiated, death due to hepatic failure can occur anywhere from 4 to 18 days following the overdose. However, with appropriate treatment, individuals tend to recover fully over a period of a few weeks. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Immediate medical attention is required in cases of suspected paracetamol poisoning. Treatment generally involves the administration of a medication called N-acetylcysteine, which can minimize liver damage if administered promptly. | Immediate medical attention is required in cases of suspected paracetamol poisoning. Treatment generally involves the administration of a medication called N-acetylcysteine, which can minimize liver damage if administered promptly. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Education on the proper use of paracetamol, including recommended dosages and the dangers of overdose, is a crucial preventative measure. | Education on the proper use of paracetamol, including recommended dosages and the dangers of overdose, is a crucial preventative measure. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)]] | * [[Paracetamol (Acetaminophen)]] | ||
* [[Liver Failure]] | * [[Liver Failure]] | ||
Revision as of 15:27, 8 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Paracetamol poisoning | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Nausea, vomiting, sweating, abdominal pain, jaundice, confusion, coma |
| Complications | Liver failure, renal failure, metabolic acidosis, cerebral edema |
| Onset | Symptoms typically appear within 24 hours |
| Duration | Variable, depending on severity and treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Overdose of paracetamol |
| Risks | Alcohol use disorder, malnutrition, chronic liver disease |
| Diagnosis | Based on history, symptoms, and blood tests |
| Differential diagnosis | Viral hepatitis, drug-induced liver injury, biliary obstruction |
| Prevention | Adhering to recommended dosages, education on risks |
| Treatment | Activated charcoal, N-acetylcysteine |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Good with early treatment, poor if untreated |
| Frequency | Common in developed countries |
| Deaths | N/A |
Paracetamol poisoning, also recognized as acetaminophen poisoning, is a potentially serious condition caused by the ingestion of an excessive amount of the over-the-counter medication paracetamol (known as acetaminophen in North America). Paracetamol is a common medication used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain and fever. It is generally safe at recommended doses, but excessive intake can lead to severe liver damage and other serious health complications.
Signs and Symptoms
In the initial 24 hours following a paracetamol overdose, individuals typically experience mild and often nonspecific symptoms, which can include fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. These initial symptoms can mislead both the individual and healthcare professionals due to their common and non-severe nature. After a symptom-free period of a couple of days, more serious signs begin to emerge. These are linked to liver failure and may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), coagulation issues leading to bleeding, and cognitive changes such as confusion. If left untreated, other severe complications may develop, such as kidney failure, pancreatitis, low blood sugar (hypoglycemia), and lactic acidosis - a condition characterized by the buildup of lactic acid in the bloodstream, which can result in organ failure.
Prognosis
If treatment is not promptly initiated, death due to hepatic failure can occur anywhere from 4 to 18 days following the overdose. However, with appropriate treatment, individuals tend to recover fully over a period of a few weeks.
Treatment
Immediate medical attention is required in cases of suspected paracetamol poisoning. Treatment generally involves the administration of a medication called N-acetylcysteine, which can minimize liver damage if administered promptly.
Prevention
Education on the proper use of paracetamol, including recommended dosages and the dangers of overdose, is a crucial preventative measure.
