Vitamin K deficiency bleeding: Difference between revisions
From WikiMD's Wellness Encyclopedia
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Vitamin K deficiency bleeding | |||
| image = [[File:Phylloquinone_structure.svg|left|thumb|Chemical structure of Phylloquinone, a form of Vitamin K]] | |||
| caption = Chemical structure of Phylloquinone, a form of Vitamin K | |||
| synonyms = Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Bleeding]], [[bruising]], [[hematoma]], [[intracranial hemorrhage]] | |||
| complications = [[Severe bleeding]], [[anemia]], [[shock]] | |||
| onset = Within the first week of life (early), 2-12 weeks (classic), or after 12 weeks (late) | |||
| duration = Varies depending on treatment | |||
| causes = [[Vitamin K deficiency]] | |||
| risks = [[Breastfeeding]], [[maternal medication]], [[liver disease]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Prothrombin time]] test, [[partial thromboplastin time]] test | |||
| differential = [[Hemophilia]], [[thrombocytopenia]], [[liver disease]] | |||
| prevention = [[Vitamin K]] prophylaxis at birth | |||
| treatment = [[Vitamin K]] supplementation | |||
| medication = [[Vitamin K1]] (phytonadione) | |||
| frequency = Rare in developed countries with prophylaxis | |||
}} | |||
'''Vitamin K deficiency bleeding''' (VKDB) is a [[coagulopathy]] that results from inadequate [[Vitamin K]] levels in the body. It is a serious condition that can lead to significant health complications, including [[hemorrhage]] and even death if not promptly treated. | '''Vitamin K deficiency bleeding''' (VKDB) is a [[coagulopathy]] that results from inadequate [[Vitamin K]] levels in the body. It is a serious condition that can lead to significant health complications, including [[hemorrhage]] and even death if not promptly treated. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
VKDB is primarily caused by insufficient intake or absorption of [[Vitamin K]], which is essential for the synthesis of certain [[clotting factors]] in the liver. This deficiency can occur due to several reasons: | VKDB is primarily caused by insufficient intake or absorption of [[Vitamin K]], which is essential for the synthesis of certain [[clotting factors]] in the liver. This deficiency can occur due to several reasons: | ||
* [[Newborns]], especially premature ones, are at a higher risk as they have low Vitamin K levels at birth and the vitamin does not cross the placenta well. | * [[Newborns]], especially premature ones, are at a higher risk as they have low Vitamin K levels at birth and the vitamin does not cross the placenta well. | ||
* Certain medications, such as [[antibiotics]], [[anticoagulants]], and [[anticonvulsants]], can interfere with Vitamin K absorption or function. | * Certain medications, such as [[antibiotics]], [[anticoagulants]], and [[anticonvulsants]], can interfere with Vitamin K absorption or function. | ||
* Certain health conditions, such as [[cystic fibrosis]], [[celiac disease]], or [[liver disease]], can affect the body's ability to absorb Vitamin K. | * Certain health conditions, such as [[cystic fibrosis]], [[celiac disease]], or [[liver disease]], can affect the body's ability to absorb Vitamin K. | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
The primary symptom of VKDB is bleeding, which can occur in various parts of the body. This includes: | The primary symptom of VKDB is bleeding, which can occur in various parts of the body. This includes: | ||
* [[Gastrointestinal bleeding]] | * [[Gastrointestinal bleeding]] | ||
* [[Nosebleeds]] | * [[Nosebleeds]] | ||
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* [[Hematuria]] (blood in urine) | * [[Hematuria]] (blood in urine) | ||
* [[Menorrhagia]] (heavy menstrual bleeding) | * [[Menorrhagia]] (heavy menstrual bleeding) | ||
In severe cases, VKDB can lead to [[intracranial hemorrhage]], a life-threatening condition where bleeding occurs inside the skull. | In severe cases, VKDB can lead to [[intracranial hemorrhage]], a life-threatening condition where bleeding occurs inside the skull. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for VKDB involves the administration of Vitamin K, usually through an injection. In severe cases, [[blood transfusion]] may be necessary. | Treatment for VKDB involves the administration of Vitamin K, usually through an injection. In severe cases, [[blood transfusion]] may be necessary. | ||
== Prevention == | == Prevention == | ||
Prevention of VKDB is primarily through ensuring adequate intake of Vitamin K. This is particularly important for newborns, who are typically given a Vitamin K injection shortly after birth to prevent VKDB. | Prevention of VKDB is primarily through ensuring adequate intake of Vitamin K. This is particularly important for newborns, who are typically given a Vitamin K injection shortly after birth to prevent VKDB. | ||
[[Category:Vitamin K]] [[Category:Coagulopathies]] [[Category:Vitamin deficiencies]] [[Category:Bleeding]] | [[Category:Vitamin K]] [[Category:Coagulopathies]] [[Category:Vitamin deficiencies]] [[Category:Bleeding]] | ||
{{Medicine-stub}} | {{Medicine-stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 23:24, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Vitamin K deficiency bleeding | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Synonyms | Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Bleeding, bruising, hematoma, intracranial hemorrhage |
| Complications | Severe bleeding, anemia, shock |
| Onset | Within the first week of life (early), 2-12 weeks (classic), or after 12 weeks (late) |
| Duration | Varies depending on treatment |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Vitamin K deficiency |
| Risks | Breastfeeding, maternal medication, liver disease |
| Diagnosis | Prothrombin time test, partial thromboplastin time test |
| Differential diagnosis | Hemophilia, thrombocytopenia, liver disease |
| Prevention | Vitamin K prophylaxis at birth |
| Treatment | Vitamin K supplementation |
| Medication | Vitamin K1 (phytonadione) |
| Prognosis | N/A |
| Frequency | Rare in developed countries with prophylaxis |
| Deaths | N/A |
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) is a coagulopathy that results from inadequate Vitamin K levels in the body. It is a serious condition that can lead to significant health complications, including hemorrhage and even death if not promptly treated.
Causes[edit]
VKDB is primarily caused by insufficient intake or absorption of Vitamin K, which is essential for the synthesis of certain clotting factors in the liver. This deficiency can occur due to several reasons:
- Newborns, especially premature ones, are at a higher risk as they have low Vitamin K levels at birth and the vitamin does not cross the placenta well.
- Certain medications, such as antibiotics, anticoagulants, and anticonvulsants, can interfere with Vitamin K absorption or function.
- Certain health conditions, such as cystic fibrosis, celiac disease, or liver disease, can affect the body's ability to absorb Vitamin K.
Symptoms[edit]
The primary symptom of VKDB is bleeding, which can occur in various parts of the body. This includes:
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Nosebleeds
- Bleeding gums
- Hematuria (blood in urine)
- Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding)
In severe cases, VKDB can lead to intracranial hemorrhage, a life-threatening condition where bleeding occurs inside the skull.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for VKDB involves the administration of Vitamin K, usually through an injection. In severe cases, blood transfusion may be necessary.
Prevention[edit]
Prevention of VKDB is primarily through ensuring adequate intake of Vitamin K. This is particularly important for newborns, who are typically given a Vitamin K injection shortly after birth to prevent VKDB.
