Overbite

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Overbite
Synonyms	Deep bite
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Misalignment of the teeth, jaw pain, difficulty chewing
Complications	Temporomandibular joint disorder, tooth wear, gum disease
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Long-term
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetics, thumb sucking, tongue thrusting
Risks	Family history, poor oral habits
Diagnosis	Dental examination, X-ray
Differential diagnosis	Underbite, crossbite
Prevention	Early orthodontic treatment, avoiding thumb sucking
Treatment	Braces, orthognathic surgery, retainers
Medication
Prognosis	Good with treatment
Frequency	Common
Deaths	None

A close-up view of a dental occlusion showing an overbite.

An overbite is a dental term referring to the extent of vertical (superior-inferior) overlap of the maxillary (upper) central incisors over the mandibular (lower) central incisors. This is usually measured in relation to the incisal ridges, the cutting edges of the front teeth.

Introduction

An overbite is often mistakenly used interchangeably with the term malocclusion, but it specifically refers to the vertical overlap of the upper front teeth over the lower front teeth. It is one of the most common dental alignment issues.

Classification

Overbites can be classified into:

Normal Overbite

When the upper teeth overlap the lower teeth by about 1-2 millimeters.

Deep Overbite

Also known as a deep bite, it's when the overlap is excessive, often causing the lower front teeth to bite into the upper palate.

Horizontal Overbite

While a standard overbite measures vertical overlap, there can also be a horizontal component, sometimes called an overjet, where the upper teeth protrude forward.

Causes

Factors leading to an overbite include:

• Genetic predisposition.
• Childhood habits such as thumb sucking or prolonged pacifier use.
• Overdevelopment of the bone that supports the teeth.
• Grinding or clenching of the teeth.

Treatment

Treatment for an overbite depends on its severity and cause:

• Orthodontic Treatment: Braces are the most common solution. They apply pressure to the teeth over time, moving them into the correct position.
• Tooth Extraction: In cases of extreme overbite due to overcrowding, it might be necessary to remove one or more teeth.
• Surgery: In severe cases, especially in adults where the jaw has stopped growing, corrective jaw surgery might be recommended.

Complications

If untreated, an overbite can lead to various complications including:

• Tooth wear and damage.
• Jaw pain due to TMJ dysfunction.
• Speech impediments.
• Breathing issues.

See Also

• Underbite
• Crossbite
• Orthodontics

References

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