Myeloproliferative neoplasm: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Myeloproliferative neoplasm | |||
| image = [[File:Myelogram_of_person_with_a_myeloproliferative_disorder.png|250px]] | |||
| caption = Myelogram of a person with a myeloproliferative disorder | |||
| field = [[Hematology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fatigue (medical)|Fatigue]], [[splenomegaly]], [[anemia]], [[thrombosis]] | |||
| complications = [[Acute myeloid leukemia]], [[myelofibrosis]], [[thrombosis]] | |||
| onset = Typically in [[adulthood]] | |||
| duration = [[Chronic (medicine)|Chronic]] | |||
| types = [[Polycythemia vera]], [[Essential thrombocythemia]], [[Primary myelofibrosis]], [[Chronic myeloid leukemia]] | |||
| causes = [[Genetic mutation]]s (e.g., [[JAK2]], [[CALR]], [[MPL]]) | |||
| risks = [[Age]], [[radiation exposure]], [[chemical exposure]] | |||
| diagnosis = [[Blood test]]s, [[bone marrow biopsy]], [[genetic testing]] | |||
| differential = [[Reactive thrombocytosis]], [[secondary polycythemia]], [[myelodysplastic syndrome]] | |||
| treatment = [[Phlebotomy]], [[chemotherapy]], [[targeted therapy]], [[stem cell transplant]] | |||
| medication = [[Hydroxyurea]], [[ruxolitinib]], [[interferon]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, depends on type and progression | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
'''Myeloproliferative neoplasms''' (MPNs) are a group of rare blood cancers in which excess red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets are produced in the bone marrow. The three main types of MPNs are [[polycythemia vera]] (PV), [[essential thrombocythemia]] (ET), and [[primary myelofibrosis]] (PMF). | '''Myeloproliferative neoplasms''' (MPNs) are a group of rare blood cancers in which excess red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets are produced in the bone marrow. The three main types of MPNs are [[polycythemia vera]] (PV), [[essential thrombocythemia]] (ET), and [[primary myelofibrosis]] (PMF). | ||
== Symptoms == | == Symptoms == | ||
Symptoms of MPNs can vary greatly, depending on the specific type of MPN and the individual patient. Some people with MPNs do not have any symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they can include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising or bleeding, and an enlarged spleen. | Symptoms of MPNs can vary greatly, depending on the specific type of MPN and the individual patient. Some people with MPNs do not have any symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they can include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising or bleeding, and an enlarged spleen. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The exact cause of MPNs is not known. However, most people with these conditions have mutations in certain genes that affect blood cell production. The most common of these is the [[JAK2]] gene. | The exact cause of MPNs is not known. However, most people with these conditions have mutations in certain genes that affect blood cell production. The most common of these is the [[JAK2]] gene. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
Diagnosis of MPNs typically involves blood tests to check for high levels of blood cells and bone marrow tests to look for abnormal cells. Genetic testing may also be done to look for mutations in the JAK2 gene or other genes. | Diagnosis of MPNs typically involves blood tests to check for high levels of blood cells and bone marrow tests to look for abnormal cells. Genetic testing may also be done to look for mutations in the JAK2 gene or other genes. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment for MPNs depends on the specific type of MPN and the severity of the patient's symptoms. It may include medication to reduce blood cell production, procedures to remove excess blood cells, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. | Treatment for MPNs depends on the specific type of MPN and the severity of the patient's symptoms. It may include medication to reduce blood cell production, procedures to remove excess blood cells, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
* [[Blood cancer]] | * [[Blood cancer]] | ||
* [[Bone marrow]] | * [[Bone marrow]] | ||
* [[Genetic testing]] | * [[Genetic testing]] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Blood disorders]] | [[Category:Blood disorders]] | ||
[[Category:Cancer]] | [[Category:Cancer]] | ||
[[Category:Rare diseases]] | [[Category:Rare diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 05:15, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Myeloproliferative neoplasm | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, splenomegaly, anemia, thrombosis |
| Complications | Acute myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis, thrombosis |
| Onset | Typically in adulthood |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | Polycythemia vera, Essential thrombocythemia, Primary myelofibrosis, Chronic myeloid leukemia |
| Causes | Genetic mutations (e.g., JAK2, CALR, MPL) |
| Risks | Age, radiation exposure, chemical exposure |
| Diagnosis | Blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, genetic testing |
| Differential diagnosis | Reactive thrombocytosis, secondary polycythemia, myelodysplastic syndrome |
| Prevention | N/A |
| Treatment | Phlebotomy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, stem cell transplant |
| Medication | Hydroxyurea, ruxolitinib, interferon |
| Prognosis | Variable, depends on type and progression |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of rare blood cancers in which excess red blood cells, white blood cells or platelets are produced in the bone marrow. The three main types of MPNs are polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF).
Symptoms[edit]
Symptoms of MPNs can vary greatly, depending on the specific type of MPN and the individual patient. Some people with MPNs do not have any symptoms at all. When symptoms do occur, they can include fatigue, shortness of breath, easy bruising or bleeding, and an enlarged spleen.
Causes[edit]
The exact cause of MPNs is not known. However, most people with these conditions have mutations in certain genes that affect blood cell production. The most common of these is the JAK2 gene.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of MPNs typically involves blood tests to check for high levels of blood cells and bone marrow tests to look for abnormal cells. Genetic testing may also be done to look for mutations in the JAK2 gene or other genes.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment for MPNs depends on the specific type of MPN and the severity of the patient's symptoms. It may include medication to reduce blood cell production, procedures to remove excess blood cells, and in some cases, stem cell transplantation.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
<references />
