Post-acute infection syndrome: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A condition characterized by prolonged symptoms following an acute infection}} | {{SI}} {{Infobox medical condition | ||
| name = Post-acute infection syndrome | |||
| image = [[File:Long-term_effects_of_COVID-19.webp|250px]] | |||
| caption = Illustration of long-term effects of COVID-19 | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = Fatigue, cognitive impairment, muscle pain, sleep disturbances | |||
| complications = [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[dysautonomia]], [[myocarditis]] | |||
| onset = Weeks to months after initial infection | |||
| duration = Varies; can be months to years | |||
| causes = [[Viral infection]], [[bacterial infection]], [[parasitic infection]] | |||
| risks = Severe initial infection, pre-existing health conditions | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, exclusion of other conditions | |||
| differential = [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]], [[fibromyalgia]], [[depression]] | |||
| prevention = Early treatment of acute infection, vaccination | |||
| treatment = Symptomatic management, rehabilitation | |||
| medication = [[Analgesics]], [[antidepressants]], [[cognitive behavioral therapy]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable; some recover fully, others have persistent symptoms | |||
| frequency = Common in post-[[COVID-19]] cases | |||
| deaths = Rare, but can lead to complications | |||
}}{{Short description|A condition characterized by prolonged symptoms following an acute infection}} | |||
'''Post-acute infection syndrome''' (PAIS) refers to a collection of symptoms that persist after the acute phase of an infectious disease has resolved. This condition is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms that can last for weeks, months, or even years after the initial infection. PAIS is often associated with viral infections, but it can occur following bacterial and other types of infections as well. | '''Post-acute infection syndrome''' (PAIS) refers to a collection of symptoms that persist after the acute phase of an infectious disease has resolved. This condition is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms that can last for weeks, months, or even years after the initial infection. PAIS is often associated with viral infections, but it can occur following bacterial and other types of infections as well. | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Post-acute infection syndrome is a complex condition that can affect multiple organ systems. It is often difficult to diagnose due to the variability of symptoms and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscle pain, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's quality of life and ability to function. | Post-acute infection syndrome is a complex condition that can affect multiple organ systems. It is often difficult to diagnose due to the variability of symptoms and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscle pain, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's quality of life and ability to function. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
PAIS can occur after a variety of infections. Some of the most commonly associated infections include: | PAIS can occur after a variety of infections. Some of the most commonly associated infections include: | ||
* [[COVID-19]]: The term "[[Long COVID]]" is often used to describe the prolonged symptoms experienced by some individuals after recovering from the acute phase of COVID-19. | * [[COVID-19]]: The term "[[Long COVID]]" is often used to describe the prolonged symptoms experienced by some individuals after recovering from the acute phase of COVID-19. | ||
* [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV): This virus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis and has been linked to chronic symptoms in some individuals. | * [[Epstein-Barr virus]] (EBV): This virus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis and has been linked to chronic symptoms in some individuals. | ||
[[File:Epstein-barr_virus_(ebv).jpg|Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)|thumb|left]] | [[File:Epstein-barr_virus_(ebv).jpg|Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)|thumb|left]] | ||
* [[Influenza]]: Some individuals report prolonged symptoms following influenza infections. | * [[Influenza]]: Some individuals report prolonged symptoms following influenza infections. | ||
==Symptoms== | ==Symptoms== | ||
The symptoms of post-acute infection syndrome can vary widely among individuals but commonly include: | The symptoms of post-acute infection syndrome can vary widely among individuals but commonly include: | ||
* '''Fatigue''': Persistent and often debilitating tiredness that is not relieved by rest. | * '''Fatigue''': Persistent and often debilitating tiredness that is not relieved by rest. | ||
* '''Cognitive dysfunction''': Often referred to as "brain fog," this includes difficulties with concentration, memory, and executive function. | * '''Cognitive dysfunction''': Often referred to as "brain fog," this includes difficulties with concentration, memory, and executive function. | ||
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* '''Sleep disturbances''': Problems with sleep quality, including insomnia or unrefreshing sleep. | * '''Sleep disturbances''': Problems with sleep quality, including insomnia or unrefreshing sleep. | ||
* '''Autonomic dysfunction''': Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and temperature regulation issues. | * '''Autonomic dysfunction''': Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and temperature regulation issues. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosing PAIS can be challenging due to the lack of specific tests. Diagnosis is often based on the patient's history of infection and the presence of persistent symptoms. Healthcare providers may use a combination of clinical evaluation and exclusion of other conditions to arrive at a diagnosis. | Diagnosing PAIS can be challenging due to the lack of specific tests. Diagnosis is often based on the patient's history of infection and the presence of persistent symptoms. Healthcare providers may use a combination of clinical evaluation and exclusion of other conditions to arrive at a diagnosis. | ||
[[File:ME-CFS_Diagnostic_Criteria_Comparison.webp|ME-CFS Diagnostic Criteria Comparison|thumb|left]] | |||
[[File:ME-CFS_Diagnostic_Criteria_Comparison.webp|ME-CFS Diagnostic Criteria Comparison|thumb| | |||
==Management== | ==Management== | ||
There is currently no specific treatment for post-acute infection syndrome. Management focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include: | There is currently no specific treatment for post-acute infection syndrome. Management focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include: | ||
* '''Symptomatic treatment''': Medications to manage pain, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms. | * '''Symptomatic treatment''': Medications to manage pain, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms. | ||
* '''Rehabilitation therapies''': Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation may be beneficial. | * '''Rehabilitation therapies''': Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation may be beneficial. | ||
* '''Lifestyle modifications''': Encouraging regular, gentle exercise and a balanced diet. | * '''Lifestyle modifications''': Encouraging regular, gentle exercise and a balanced diet. | ||
* '''Psychological support''': Counseling or therapy to help cope with the psychological impact of chronic illness. | * '''Psychological support''': Counseling or therapy to help cope with the psychological impact of chronic illness. | ||
==Prognosis== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for individuals with PAIS varies. Some people experience gradual improvement over time, while others may have persistent symptoms. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms underlying PAIS and to develop effective treatments. | The prognosis for individuals with PAIS varies. Some people experience gradual improvement over time, while others may have persistent symptoms. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms underlying PAIS and to develop effective treatments. | ||
==See also== | |||
== | |||
* [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] | * [[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] | ||
* [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] | * [[Myalgic encephalomyelitis]] | ||
* [[Long COVID]] | * [[Long COVID]] | ||
* [[Epstein-Barr virus]] | * [[Epstein-Barr virus]] | ||
[[Category:Medical conditions]] | [[Category:Medical conditions]] | ||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | [[Category:Syndromes]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
Latest revision as of 05:13, 6 April 2025
Editor-In-Chief: Prab R Tumpati, MD
Obesity, Sleep & Internal medicine
Founder, WikiMD Wellnesspedia &
W8MD medical weight loss NYC and sleep center NYC
| Post-acute infection syndrome | |
|---|---|
| |
| Synonyms | N/A |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fatigue, cognitive impairment, muscle pain, sleep disturbances |
| Complications | Chronic fatigue syndrome, dysautonomia, myocarditis |
| Onset | Weeks to months after initial infection |
| Duration | Varies; can be months to years |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Viral infection, bacterial infection, parasitic infection |
| Risks | Severe initial infection, pre-existing health conditions |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, exclusion of other conditions |
| Differential diagnosis | Chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, depression |
| Prevention | Early treatment of acute infection, vaccination |
| Treatment | Symptomatic management, rehabilitation |
| Medication | Analgesics, antidepressants, cognitive behavioral therapy |
| Prognosis | Variable; some recover fully, others have persistent symptoms |
| Frequency | Common in post-COVID-19 cases |
| Deaths | Rare, but can lead to complications |
A condition characterized by prolonged symptoms following an acute infection
Post-acute infection syndrome (PAIS) refers to a collection of symptoms that persist after the acute phase of an infectious disease has resolved. This condition is characterized by a range of physical, cognitive, and psychological symptoms that can last for weeks, months, or even years after the initial infection. PAIS is often associated with viral infections, but it can occur following bacterial and other types of infections as well.
Overview[edit]
Post-acute infection syndrome is a complex condition that can affect multiple organ systems. It is often difficult to diagnose due to the variability of symptoms and the lack of specific diagnostic tests. Common symptoms include fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscle pain, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms can significantly impact a person's quality of life and ability to function.
Causes[edit]
PAIS can occur after a variety of infections. Some of the most commonly associated infections include:
- COVID-19: The term "Long COVID" is often used to describe the prolonged symptoms experienced by some individuals after recovering from the acute phase of COVID-19.
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV): This virus is known to cause infectious mononucleosis and has been linked to chronic symptoms in some individuals.
.jpg)
- Influenza: Some individuals report prolonged symptoms following influenza infections.
Symptoms[edit]
The symptoms of post-acute infection syndrome can vary widely among individuals but commonly include:
- Fatigue: Persistent and often debilitating tiredness that is not relieved by rest.
- Cognitive dysfunction: Often referred to as "brain fog," this includes difficulties with concentration, memory, and executive function.
- Muscle and joint pain: Aching and stiffness in muscles and joints.
- Sleep disturbances: Problems with sleep quality, including insomnia or unrefreshing sleep.
- Autonomic dysfunction: Symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and temperature regulation issues.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosing PAIS can be challenging due to the lack of specific tests. Diagnosis is often based on the patient's history of infection and the presence of persistent symptoms. Healthcare providers may use a combination of clinical evaluation and exclusion of other conditions to arrive at a diagnosis.
Management[edit]
There is currently no specific treatment for post-acute infection syndrome. Management focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include:
- Symptomatic treatment: Medications to manage pain, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms.
- Rehabilitation therapies: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and cognitive rehabilitation may be beneficial.
- Lifestyle modifications: Encouraging regular, gentle exercise and a balanced diet.
- Psychological support: Counseling or therapy to help cope with the psychological impact of chronic illness.
Prognosis[edit]
The prognosis for individuals with PAIS varies. Some people experience gradual improvement over time, while others may have persistent symptoms. Research is ongoing to better understand the mechanisms underlying PAIS and to develop effective treatments.
