Oral submucous fibrosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Oral submucous fibrosis | |||
| synonyms = OSF | |||
| image = | |||
| caption = | |||
| field = [[Oral medicine]], [[Oral pathology]] | |||
| symptoms = Burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty in opening the mouth ([[trismus]]), difficulty in swallowing ([[dysphagia]]) | |||
| complications = Increased risk of [[oral cancer]] | |||
| onset = Gradual | |||
| duration = Chronic | |||
| causes = [[Betel nut]] chewing, genetic predisposition, nutritional deficiencies | |||
| risks = Chewing [[areca nut]], [[tobacco]] use | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical examination, [[biopsy]] | |||
| differential = [[Oral lichen planus]], [[Scleroderma]], [[Systemic sclerosis]] | |||
| prevention = Avoidance of areca nut and tobacco | |||
| treatment = Cessation of areca nut use, [[steroids]], [[hyaluronidase]], [[surgical intervention]] | |||
| prognosis = Variable, risk of malignant transformation | |||
| frequency = Common in South and Southeast Asia | |||
}} | |||
'''Oral submucous fibrosis''' ('''OSF''') is a chronic, complex, premalignant [[condition]] of the oral cavity and the oropharynx, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. It results in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The condition is linked to oral cancers and is associated predominantly with the chewing of [[areca nut]]. | '''Oral submucous fibrosis''' ('''OSF''') is a chronic, complex, premalignant [[condition]] of the oral cavity and the oropharynx, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. It results in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The condition is linked to oral cancers and is associated predominantly with the chewing of [[areca nut]]. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
The etiology of OSF is multifactorial. The main causative factor is the chewing of areca nut, a habit common in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Other factors include nutritional deficiencies, immunologic processes, and genetic predisposition. | The etiology of OSF is multifactorial. The main causative factor is the chewing of areca nut, a habit common in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Other factors include nutritional deficiencies, immunologic processes, and genetic predisposition. | ||
==Pathogenesis== | ==Pathogenesis== | ||
The pathogenesis of OSF is a complex process of changes in the oral mucosa. The chewing of areca nut causes a higher release of fibrogenic cytokines from the oral mucosa. This leads to increased collagen deposition and decreased collagen degradation, resulting in fibrosis. | The pathogenesis of OSF is a complex process of changes in the oral mucosa. The chewing of areca nut causes a higher release of fibrogenic cytokines from the oral mucosa. This leads to increased collagen deposition and decreased collagen degradation, resulting in fibrosis. | ||
==Clinical features== | ==Clinical features== | ||
OSF presents with recurrent ulceration, pain in the oral cavity, burning sensation, and difficulty in eating and opening the mouth. In advanced stages, there may be difficulty in speech, hearing, and swallowing. | OSF presents with recurrent ulceration, pain in the oral cavity, burning sensation, and difficulty in eating and opening the mouth. In advanced stages, there may be difficulty in speech, hearing, and swallowing. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of OSF is based on clinical examination, history taking, and biopsy. The histopathological examination shows epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. | Diagnosis of OSF is based on clinical examination, history taking, and biopsy. The histopathological examination shows epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of OSF includes cessation of areca nut chewing, pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and surgical intervention. However, the prognosis is poor due to the high risk of malignant transformation. | Treatment of OSF includes cessation of areca nut chewing, pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and surgical intervention. However, the prognosis is poor due to the high risk of malignant transformation. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Oral cancer]] | * [[Oral cancer]] | ||
* [[Areca nut]] | * [[Areca nut]] | ||
* [[Oral pathology]] | * [[Oral pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Oral pathology]] | [[Category:Oral pathology]] | ||
[[Category:Conditions of the mucous membranes]] | [[Category:Conditions of the mucous membranes]] | ||
[[Category:Oral mucosal pathology]] | [[Category:Oral mucosal pathology]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
{{No image}} | {{No image}} | ||
Latest revision as of 04:29, 4 April 2025
| Oral submucous fibrosis | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | OSF |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty in opening the mouth (trismus), difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) |
| Complications | Increased risk of oral cancer |
| Onset | Gradual |
| Duration | Chronic |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Betel nut chewing, genetic predisposition, nutritional deficiencies |
| Risks | Chewing areca nut, tobacco use |
| Diagnosis | Clinical examination, biopsy |
| Differential diagnosis | Oral lichen planus, Scleroderma, Systemic sclerosis |
| Prevention | Avoidance of areca nut and tobacco |
| Treatment | Cessation of areca nut use, steroids, hyaluronidase, surgical intervention |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | Variable, risk of malignant transformation |
| Frequency | Common in South and Southeast Asia |
| Deaths | N/A |
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, complex, premalignant condition of the oral cavity and the oropharynx, characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction and progressive fibrosis of the submucosal tissues. It results in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The condition is linked to oral cancers and is associated predominantly with the chewing of areca nut.
Etiology[edit]
The etiology of OSF is multifactorial. The main causative factor is the chewing of areca nut, a habit common in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Other factors include nutritional deficiencies, immunologic processes, and genetic predisposition.
Pathogenesis[edit]
The pathogenesis of OSF is a complex process of changes in the oral mucosa. The chewing of areca nut causes a higher release of fibrogenic cytokines from the oral mucosa. This leads to increased collagen deposition and decreased collagen degradation, resulting in fibrosis.
Clinical features[edit]
OSF presents with recurrent ulceration, pain in the oral cavity, burning sensation, and difficulty in eating and opening the mouth. In advanced stages, there may be difficulty in speech, hearing, and swallowing.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of OSF is based on clinical examination, history taking, and biopsy. The histopathological examination shows epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, and fibrosis.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of OSF includes cessation of areca nut chewing, pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, and surgical intervention. However, the prognosis is poor due to the high risk of malignant transformation.
