Brazilian purpuric fever: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Brazilian purpuric fever | |||
| synonyms = BPF | |||
| field = [[Infectious disease]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[purpura]], [[septicemia]], [[shock (circulatory)|shock]] | |||
| complications = [[Septic shock]], [[multi-organ failure]] | |||
| onset = Sudden | |||
| duration = Acute | |||
| causes = ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' biogroup aegyptius | |||
| risks = Recent [[conjunctivitis]] | |||
| diagnosis = Clinical evaluation, [[blood culture]] | |||
| differential = [[Meningococcemia]], [[Rocky Mountain spotted fever]], [[Dengue fever]] | |||
| prevention = Good [[hygiene]], prompt treatment of conjunctivitis | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], supportive care | |||
| prognosis = High [[mortality rate]] if untreated | |||
| frequency = Rare | |||
}} | |||
{{Short description|A rare and severe illness caused by ''Haemophilus influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius}} | {{Short description|A rare and severe illness caused by ''Haemophilus influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius}} | ||
'''Brazilian purpuric fever''' (BPF) is a rare and severe illness caused by the bacterium ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' biogroup aegyptius. It primarily affects children and is characterized by high fever, purpura, and septicemia. The disease was first identified in Brazil in the 1980s and has since been a subject of medical research due to its rapid progression and high mortality rate. | '''Brazilian purpuric fever''' (BPF) is a rare and severe illness caused by the bacterium ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' biogroup aegyptius. It primarily affects children and is characterized by high fever, purpura, and septicemia. The disease was first identified in Brazil in the 1980s and has since been a subject of medical research due to its rapid progression and high mortality rate. | ||
==Etiology== | ==Etiology== | ||
BPF is caused by the bacterium ''Haemophilus influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius, which is closely related to the more common ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' type b. This particular biogroup is known for its ability to cause conjunctivitis, but in the case of BPF, it leads to a more systemic and severe infection. | BPF is caused by the bacterium ''Haemophilus influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius, which is closely related to the more common ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'' type b. This particular biogroup is known for its ability to cause conjunctivitis, but in the case of BPF, it leads to a more systemic and severe infection. | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
The pathophysiology of Brazilian purpuric fever involves the invasion of the bloodstream by ''H. influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius. The bacteria can evade the host's immune system, leading to widespread infection. The characteristic purpura seen in BPF is due to the leakage of blood into the skin and mucous membranes, a result of the vascular damage caused by the bacterial toxins. | The pathophysiology of Brazilian purpuric fever involves the invasion of the bloodstream by ''H. influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius. The bacteria can evade the host's immune system, leading to widespread infection. The characteristic purpura seen in BPF is due to the leakage of blood into the skin and mucous membranes, a result of the vascular damage caused by the bacterial toxins. | ||
==Clinical Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Patients with Brazilian purpuric fever typically present with the following symptoms: | Patients with Brazilian purpuric fever typically present with the following symptoms: | ||
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* Abdominal pain | * Abdominal pain | ||
* Rapid progression to septicemia | * Rapid progression to septicemia | ||
The disease primarily affects children, and the rapid progression can lead to shock and death if not treated promptly. | The disease primarily affects children, and the rapid progression can lead to shock and death if not treated promptly. | ||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
Diagnosis of BPF is based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests. Blood cultures can identify the presence of ''H. influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius. Other laboratory findings may include leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. | Diagnosis of BPF is based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests. Blood cultures can identify the presence of ''H. influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius. Other laboratory findings may include leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment of Brazilian purpuric fever involves the use of antibiotics effective against ''Haemophilus influenzae''. Supportive care, including fluid resuscitation and management of shock, is critical. Early intervention is essential to improve outcomes. | Treatment of Brazilian purpuric fever involves the use of antibiotics effective against ''Haemophilus influenzae''. Supportive care, including fluid resuscitation and management of shock, is critical. Early intervention is essential to improve outcomes. | ||
==Prevention== | ==Prevention== | ||
Preventive measures for BPF focus on controlling the spread of ''H. influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius. This includes good hygiene practices and possibly the use of prophylactic antibiotics in close contacts of affected individuals. | Preventive measures for BPF focus on controlling the spread of ''H. influenzae'' biogroup aegyptius. This includes good hygiene practices and possibly the use of prophylactic antibiotics in close contacts of affected individuals. | ||
==Epidemiology== | ==Epidemiology== | ||
Brazilian purpuric fever is a rare disease, with most cases reported in Brazil. The disease primarily affects children in tropical and subtropical regions. Outbreaks have been sporadic, and the overall incidence remains low. | Brazilian purpuric fever is a rare disease, with most cases reported in Brazil. The disease primarily affects children in tropical and subtropical regions. Outbreaks have been sporadic, and the overall incidence remains low. | ||
==Related pages== | ==Related pages== | ||
* [[Haemophilus influenzae]] | * [[Haemophilus influenzae]] | ||
Latest revision as of 03:19, 4 April 2025
| Brazilian purpuric fever | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | BPF |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | N/A |
| Symptoms | Fever, purpura, septicemia, shock |
| Complications | Septic shock, multi-organ failure |
| Onset | Sudden |
| Duration | Acute |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius |
| Risks | Recent conjunctivitis |
| Diagnosis | Clinical evaluation, blood culture |
| Differential diagnosis | Meningococcemia, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Dengue fever |
| Prevention | Good hygiene, prompt treatment of conjunctivitis |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, supportive care |
| Medication | N/A |
| Prognosis | High mortality rate if untreated |
| Frequency | Rare |
| Deaths | N/A |
A rare and severe illness caused by Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius
Brazilian purpuric fever (BPF) is a rare and severe illness caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius. It primarily affects children and is characterized by high fever, purpura, and septicemia. The disease was first identified in Brazil in the 1980s and has since been a subject of medical research due to its rapid progression and high mortality rate.
Etiology[edit]
BPF is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae biogroup aegyptius, which is closely related to the more common Haemophilus influenzae type b. This particular biogroup is known for its ability to cause conjunctivitis, but in the case of BPF, it leads to a more systemic and severe infection.
Pathophysiology[edit]
The pathophysiology of Brazilian purpuric fever involves the invasion of the bloodstream by H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius. The bacteria can evade the host's immune system, leading to widespread infection. The characteristic purpura seen in BPF is due to the leakage of blood into the skin and mucous membranes, a result of the vascular damage caused by the bacterial toxins.
Clinical Presentation[edit]
Patients with Brazilian purpuric fever typically present with the following symptoms:
- High fever
- Purpura (purple spots on the skin)
- Conjunctivitis
- Vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Rapid progression to septicemia
The disease primarily affects children, and the rapid progression can lead to shock and death if not treated promptly.
Diagnosis[edit]
Diagnosis of BPF is based on clinical presentation and laboratory tests. Blood cultures can identify the presence of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius. Other laboratory findings may include leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of Brazilian purpuric fever involves the use of antibiotics effective against Haemophilus influenzae. Supportive care, including fluid resuscitation and management of shock, is critical. Early intervention is essential to improve outcomes.
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures for BPF focus on controlling the spread of H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius. This includes good hygiene practices and possibly the use of prophylactic antibiotics in close contacts of affected individuals.
Epidemiology[edit]
Brazilian purpuric fever is a rare disease, with most cases reported in Brazil. The disease primarily affects children in tropical and subtropical regions. Outbreaks have been sporadic, and the overall incidence remains low.
