Reynolds' pentad: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox medical condition | |||
| name = Reynolds' pentad | |||
| synonyms = | |||
| specialty = [[Gastroenterology]], [[Hepatology]] | |||
| symptoms = [[Fever]], [[Jaundice]], [[Right upper quadrant pain]], [[Hypotension]], [[Confusion]] | |||
| complications = [[Sepsis]], [[Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]] | |||
| onset = | |||
| duration = | |||
| causes = [[Ascending cholangitis]] | |||
| risks = | |||
| diagnosis = [[Clinical diagnosis]], [[Blood culture]], [[Imaging studies]] | |||
| differential = [[Charcot's triad]], [[Biliary colic]], [[Acute cholecystitis]] | |||
| prevention = | |||
| treatment = [[Antibiotics]], [[Biliary drainage]], [[Supportive care]] | |||
| medication = | |||
| prognosis = | |||
| frequency = | |||
}} | |||
'''Reynolds' pentad''' is a collection of signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of [[ascending cholangitis]], an infection of the bile duct, usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum. It consists of the four components of [[Charcot's triad]] plus [[shock]] and [[mental confusion]]. | '''Reynolds' pentad''' is a collection of signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of [[ascending cholangitis]], an infection of the bile duct, usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum. It consists of the four components of [[Charcot's triad]] plus [[shock]] and [[mental confusion]]. | ||
== Signs and Symptoms == | == Signs and Symptoms == | ||
Reynolds' pentad includes the following signs and symptoms: | Reynolds' pentad includes the following signs and symptoms: | ||
* [[Jaundice]]: This is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae, and other mucous membranes caused by high blood bilirubin levels. | * [[Jaundice]]: This is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae, and other mucous membranes caused by high blood bilirubin levels. | ||
* [[Fever]] and [[chills]]: These are common symptoms of infection and inflammation. | * [[Fever]] and [[chills]]: These are common symptoms of infection and inflammation. | ||
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* [[Septic shock]]: This is a serious condition that occurs when an infection leads to life-threatening low blood pressure. | * [[Septic shock]]: This is a serious condition that occurs when an infection leads to life-threatening low blood pressure. | ||
* [[Mental confusion]]: This can be a result of septic shock or the overall systemic response to infection. | * [[Mental confusion]]: This can be a result of septic shock or the overall systemic response to infection. | ||
== Causes == | == Causes == | ||
The most common cause of Reynolds' pentad is [[ascending cholangitis]], which is typically caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria often ascend from the junction of the bile duct and the duodenum. | The most common cause of Reynolds' pentad is [[ascending cholangitis]], which is typically caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria often ascend from the junction of the bile duct and the duodenum. | ||
== Diagnosis == | == Diagnosis == | ||
The diagnosis of Reynolds' pentad is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the five signs and symptoms. Additional tests such as blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan, and sometimes ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause. | The diagnosis of Reynolds' pentad is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the five signs and symptoms. Additional tests such as blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan, and sometimes ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause. | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
Treatment of Reynolds' pentad involves addressing the underlying cause, which is typically ascending cholangitis. This usually involves antibiotics to treat the infection, and sometimes procedures to relieve obstruction in the bile duct, if present. | Treatment of Reynolds' pentad involves addressing the underlying cause, which is typically ascending cholangitis. This usually involves antibiotics to treat the infection, and sometimes procedures to relieve obstruction in the bile duct, if present. | ||
== See Also == | == See Also == | ||
* [[Charcot's triad]] | * [[Charcot's triad]] | ||
* [[Ascending cholangitis]] | * [[Ascending cholangitis]] | ||
* [[Septic shock]] | * [[Septic shock]] | ||
[[Category:Medical signs]] | [[Category:Medical signs]] | ||
[[Category:Symptoms]] | [[Category:Symptoms]] | ||
[[Category:Gastroenterology]] | [[Category:Gastroenterology]] | ||
[[Category:Infectious diseases]] | [[Category:Infectious diseases]] | ||
{{stub}} | {{stub}} | ||
Latest revision as of 22:58, 3 April 2025
| Reynolds' pentad | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | |
| Pronounce | N/A |
| Specialty | Gastroenterology, Hepatology |
| Symptoms | Fever, Jaundice, Right upper quadrant pain, Hypotension, Confusion |
| Complications | Sepsis, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome |
| Onset | |
| Duration | |
| Types | N/A |
| Causes | Ascending cholangitis |
| Risks | |
| Diagnosis | Clinical diagnosis, Blood culture, Imaging studies |
| Differential diagnosis | Charcot's triad, Biliary colic, Acute cholecystitis |
| Prevention | |
| Treatment | Antibiotics, Biliary drainage, Supportive care |
| Medication | |
| Prognosis | |
| Frequency | |
| Deaths | N/A |
Reynolds' pentad is a collection of signs and symptoms suggesting the diagnosis of ascending cholangitis, an infection of the bile duct, usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum. It consists of the four components of Charcot's triad plus shock and mental confusion.
Signs and Symptoms[edit]
Reynolds' pentad includes the following signs and symptoms:
- Jaundice: This is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin, the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae, and other mucous membranes caused by high blood bilirubin levels.
- Fever and chills: These are common symptoms of infection and inflammation.
- Right upper quadrant (abdominal) pain: This is due to inflammation or distension of the liver and gallbladder.
- Septic shock: This is a serious condition that occurs when an infection leads to life-threatening low blood pressure.
- Mental confusion: This can be a result of septic shock or the overall systemic response to infection.
Causes[edit]
The most common cause of Reynolds' pentad is ascending cholangitis, which is typically caused by a bacterial infection. The bacteria often ascend from the junction of the bile duct and the duodenum.
Diagnosis[edit]
The diagnosis of Reynolds' pentad is primarily clinical, based on the presence of the five signs and symptoms. Additional tests such as blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scan, and sometimes ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and identify the underlying cause.
Treatment[edit]
Treatment of Reynolds' pentad involves addressing the underlying cause, which is typically ascending cholangitis. This usually involves antibiotics to treat the infection, and sometimes procedures to relieve obstruction in the bile duct, if present.
