Adenosine monophosphate: Difference between revisions
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Adenosine monophosphate | {{short description|Nucleotide involved in cellular metabolism}} | ||
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Adenosine monophosphate}} | |||
[[File:Adenosinmonophosphat_protoniert.svg|thumb|right|200px|Protonated form of adenosine monophosphate]] | |||
'''Adenosine monophosphate''' ('''AMP'''), also known as '''5'-adenylic acid''', is a nucleotide that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes. It is composed of an [[adenine]] base, a [[ribose]] sugar, and a single [[phosphate]] group. AMP is a key component in [[ | '''Adenosine monophosphate''' ('''AMP'''), also known as '''5'-adenylic acid''', is a nucleotide that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes. It is composed of an [[adenine]] base, a [[ribose]] sugar, and a single [[phosphate]] group. AMP is a key component in the synthesis of [[RNA]] and is involved in energy metabolism and signal transduction. | ||
==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
AMP consists of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is further linked to a single phosphate group. The | AMP consists of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is further linked to a single phosphate group. The phosphate group is esterified to the 5' carbon of the ribose. The molecular formula of AMP is C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>14</sub>N<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>P. | ||
[[File: | [[File:Adenosine-monophosphate-anion-3D-balls.png|thumb|left|3D ball-and-stick model of the anionic form of adenosine monophosphate]] | ||
==Biological Role== | |||
AMP is involved in several important biological processes: | |||
* '''Energy Metabolism''': AMP is a product of [[ATP]] hydrolysis and can be converted back to ATP through phosphorylation. It acts as a regulator of energy balance within the cell. | |||
AMP | * '''Signal Transduction''': AMP is a precursor to [[cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] (cAMP), a secondary messenger involved in signal transduction pathways. | ||
* '''Nucleic Acid Synthesis''': AMP is a building block for the synthesis of [[RNA]] during transcription. | |||
== | ==Synthesis and Degradation== | ||
AMP | AMP can be synthesized through several pathways: | ||
* ''' | * '''De Novo Synthesis''': AMP is synthesized from [[inosine monophosphate]] (IMP) in the purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway. | ||
* ''' | * '''Salvage Pathway''': AMP can be formed by the phosphorylation of [[adenosine]] by adenosine kinase. | ||
AMP is degraded by the enzyme [[AMP deaminase]] to form [[inosine monophosphate]] (IMP) or by [[adenylate kinase]] to form [[ADP]] and [[ATP]]. | |||
AMP | |||
==Clinical Significance== | ==Clinical Significance== | ||
Abnormal levels of AMP and its derivatives can be indicative of metabolic disorders. For example, elevated levels of AMP can be associated with [[adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency]], a rare metabolic disorder. | |||
==Related | ==Related Compounds== | ||
AMP is related to other adenine nucleotides such as [[adenosine diphosphate]] (ADP) and [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), which are involved in energy transfer and storage. | |||
==Related Pages== | |||
* [[Adenosine triphosphate]] | * [[Adenosine triphosphate]] | ||
* [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] | * [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate]] | ||
* [[Nucleotide]] | * [[Nucleotide]] | ||
* [[RNA]] | |||
[[Category:Nucleotides]] | [[Category:Nucleotides]] | ||
[[Category:Purines]] | |||
[[Category:Biochemistry]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:50, 23 March 2025
Nucleotide involved in cellular metabolism
Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), also known as 5'-adenylic acid, is a nucleotide that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes. It is composed of an adenine base, a ribose sugar, and a single phosphate group. AMP is a key component in the synthesis of RNA and is involved in energy metabolism and signal transduction.
Structure[edit]
AMP consists of an adenine base attached to a ribose sugar, which is further linked to a single phosphate group. The phosphate group is esterified to the 5' carbon of the ribose. The molecular formula of AMP is C10H14N5O7P.
Biological Role[edit]
AMP is involved in several important biological processes:
- Energy Metabolism: AMP is a product of ATP hydrolysis and can be converted back to ATP through phosphorylation. It acts as a regulator of energy balance within the cell.
- Signal Transduction: AMP is a precursor to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a secondary messenger involved in signal transduction pathways.
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis: AMP is a building block for the synthesis of RNA during transcription.
Synthesis and Degradation[edit]
AMP can be synthesized through several pathways:
- De Novo Synthesis: AMP is synthesized from inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the purine nucleotide biosynthesis pathway.
- Salvage Pathway: AMP can be formed by the phosphorylation of adenosine by adenosine kinase.
AMP is degraded by the enzyme AMP deaminase to form inosine monophosphate (IMP) or by adenylate kinase to form ADP and ATP.
Clinical Significance[edit]
Abnormal levels of AMP and its derivatives can be indicative of metabolic disorders. For example, elevated levels of AMP can be associated with adenylosuccinate lyase deficiency, a rare metabolic disorder.
Related Compounds[edit]
AMP is related to other adenine nucleotides such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which are involved in energy transfer and storage.
