Trichilemmoma: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|A benign | {{Short description|A benign cutaneous neoplasm derived from the outer root sheath of hair follicles}} | ||
'''Trichilemmoma''' is a benign [[ | '''Trichilemmoma''' is a benign [[cutaneous]] neoplasm that originates from the outer root sheath of [[hair follicle]]s. It is characterized by its distinctive histological features and is often associated with certain genetic conditions. Trichilemmomas are typically found on the face, particularly around the nose and upper lip, and are more common in adults. | ||
==Presentation== | ==Clinical Presentation== | ||
Trichilemmomas | Trichilemmomas usually present as small, solitary, flesh-colored papules. They are often asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during routine skin examinations. The lesions are typically smooth and dome-shaped, measuring a few millimeters in diameter. | ||
[[File:SkinTumors-P6190341.JPG|Trichilemmoma on the skin|thumb|right]] | |||
==Histopathology== | ==Histopathology== | ||
Histologically, trichilemmomas are characterized by lobular proliferation of clear cells that resemble the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. The clear cells have abundant glycogen-rich cytoplasm, and the lesions often exhibit a well-defined border. The presence of palisading of the outermost layer of cells is a common feature. | |||
[[File:Trichilemmoma_-_Nci-vol-9808-72.jpg|Histological image of trichilemmoma|thumb|left]] | |||
==Pathogenesis== | |||
The pathogenesis of trichilemmoma involves the proliferation of cells from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. This proliferation is benign and does not typically lead to malignant transformation. However, multiple trichilemmomas can be a feature of certain genetic syndromes, such as [[Cowden syndrome]], which is associated with mutations in the [[PTEN]] gene. | |||
==Diagnosis== | ==Diagnosis== | ||
The diagnosis of trichilemmoma is primarily based on histological examination. A | The diagnosis of trichilemmoma is primarily based on histological examination. A biopsy of the lesion is performed, and the characteristic histopathological features confirm the diagnosis. Dermoscopy may aid in the clinical diagnosis by revealing specific patterns associated with trichilemmomas. | ||
==Treatment== | ==Treatment== | ||
Treatment is generally not necessary for solitary trichilemmomas unless they are symptomatic or cosmetically concerning to the patient. In such cases, surgical excision is the treatment of choice. For patients with multiple lesions associated with genetic syndromes, regular monitoring and management of associated conditions are recommended. | |||
== | ==Prognosis== | ||
The prognosis for patients with trichilemmoma is excellent, as these lesions are benign and do not metastasize. However, patients with multiple trichilemmomas should be evaluated for underlying genetic conditions that may require further management. | |||
==Related | ==Related Pages== | ||
* [[Cowden syndrome]] | * [[Cowden syndrome]] | ||
* [[PTEN gene]] | * [[PTEN gene]] | ||
* [[Hair follicle]] | |||
* [[Cutaneous neoplasm]] | |||
[[Category:Dermatology]] | |||
[[Category:Benign neoplasms]] | [[Category:Benign neoplasms]] | ||
Revision as of 11:32, 23 March 2025
A benign cutaneous neoplasm derived from the outer root sheath of hair follicles
Trichilemmoma is a benign cutaneous neoplasm that originates from the outer root sheath of hair follicles. It is characterized by its distinctive histological features and is often associated with certain genetic conditions. Trichilemmomas are typically found on the face, particularly around the nose and upper lip, and are more common in adults.
Clinical Presentation
Trichilemmomas usually present as small, solitary, flesh-colored papules. They are often asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during routine skin examinations. The lesions are typically smooth and dome-shaped, measuring a few millimeters in diameter.
Histopathology
Histologically, trichilemmomas are characterized by lobular proliferation of clear cells that resemble the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. The clear cells have abundant glycogen-rich cytoplasm, and the lesions often exhibit a well-defined border. The presence of palisading of the outermost layer of cells is a common feature.
Pathogenesis
The pathogenesis of trichilemmoma involves the proliferation of cells from the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. This proliferation is benign and does not typically lead to malignant transformation. However, multiple trichilemmomas can be a feature of certain genetic syndromes, such as Cowden syndrome, which is associated with mutations in the PTEN gene.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of trichilemmoma is primarily based on histological examination. A biopsy of the lesion is performed, and the characteristic histopathological features confirm the diagnosis. Dermoscopy may aid in the clinical diagnosis by revealing specific patterns associated with trichilemmomas.
Treatment
Treatment is generally not necessary for solitary trichilemmomas unless they are symptomatic or cosmetically concerning to the patient. In such cases, surgical excision is the treatment of choice. For patients with multiple lesions associated with genetic syndromes, regular monitoring and management of associated conditions are recommended.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with trichilemmoma is excellent, as these lesions are benign and do not metastasize. However, patients with multiple trichilemmomas should be evaluated for underlying genetic conditions that may require further management.
