Abietic acid dermatitis: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
{{Short description|A type of contact dermatitis caused by exposure to abietic acid}}
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| caption        = Various types of rosin for violins, violas and cellos
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'''Abietic acid dermatitis''' is a [[contact dermatitis]] often seen in association with [[musical instruments]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bolognia|first1=Jean L.|last2=Schaffer|first2=Julie V.|last3=Cerroni|first3=Lorenzo|title=Dermatology E-Book|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702063428|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Ufw6DwAAQBAJ&dq=Abietic+acid+dermatitis+instrument|accessdate=17 November 2017|language=en}}</ref>
==Abietic Acid Dermatitis==


==Causes==
'''Abietic acid dermatitis''' is a form of [[contact dermatitis]] that occurs as a result of exposure to [[abietic acid]], a resin acid found in [[pine]] and other [[coniferous trees]]. This condition is characterized by an inflammatory skin reaction that can cause discomfort and irritation.
The main cause is a [[type-I hypersensitivity]] reaction to products containing [[abietic acid]], such as the [[rosin]]/colophony, which is commonly used as a [[friction]]-increasing agent. Players of [[bowed string instrument]]s ([[violin]], [[viola]], [[cello]], [[double bass]]) rub cakes or blocks of rosin on their [[Bow (music)|bow]] so it can grip the strings. [[Ballet]] and [[flamenco]] dancers sometimes rub their shoes in powdered rosin to reduce slippage before going on stage. [[Gymnast]]s, [[baseball]] [[pitcher]]s and [[ten-pin bowling|ten pin bowler]]s use rosin to improve grip. Common locations of this [[contact dermatitis]] are [[hand]]s, [[face]] and [[neck]].<ref name="Bolognia">{{cite book |author =Rapini, Ronald P. |author2 =Bolognia, Jean L. |author3 =Jorizzo, Joseph L. |title=Dermatology: 2-Volume Set |publisher=Mosby |location=St. Louis |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=978-1-4160-2999-1 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>{{rp|1374}}
 
==Pathophysiology==
 
Abietic acid is a major component of [[rosin]], which is used in a variety of industrial and consumer products, including adhesives, varnishes, and inks. When individuals with a sensitivity to abietic acid come into contact with these products, they may develop an allergic reaction. The immune system recognizes abietic acid as a foreign substance, leading to an inflammatory response in the skin.
 
==Clinical Presentation==
 
Patients with abietic acid dermatitis typically present with symptoms such as:
* [[Erythema]] (redness of the skin)
* [[Pruritus]] (itching)
* [[Vesicles]] or [[blisters]]
* [[Scaling]] and [[crusting]]
 
These symptoms usually appear on areas of the skin that have come into direct contact with the allergen. In severe cases, the dermatitis may spread to other areas of the body.


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
===Differential diagnosis===
[[File:Epikutanni-test.jpg|thumb|180px |[[Patch test]]]]
Cutaneous disorders in musicians include [[wear|frictional injury]] ("[[fiddler]]'s [[neck]]"), [[hyperhidrosis]], [[acne mechanica]] and [[vascular]] compromise. Other agents of irritant and allergic contact dermatitis may be [[rosewood]], [[Makassar ebony]], [[cocobolo]] wood, [[African blackwood]], [[nickel]], [[Reed (instrument)|reed]], [[propolis]] (bee glue), [[chromium]] and [[paraphenylenediamine]].  [[Patch test]]ing can be performed for identification of the cause.


==Treatment==
The diagnosis of abietic acid dermatitis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and the appearance of the skin lesions. A [[patch test]] may be performed to confirm the diagnosis by identifying a specific allergic reaction to abietic acid.
Treatment may include [[corticoid]]s, [[astringent]]s, and [[keratolytic]]s. [[Dermatoses]] tend to be recurrent unless the use or contact can be avoided. Discontinuation of the instrument is curative in almost all cases, but usually impractical.
 
==Management==


== See also ==
The primary treatment for abietic acid dermatitis involves avoiding exposure to the allergen. Patients should be educated about products that may contain abietic acid and advised to use alternatives. Topical [[corticosteroids]] may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, [[antihistamines]] may be used to control itching.
* [[Contact dermatitis]]
* [[Chloracne]]
* [[List of cutaneous conditions]]


== References ==
==Prevention==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
|  ICD10          = L24.5
|  ICD9            = <!--{{ICD9|xxx}}-->
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|  OMIM            =
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|  MeSH            =
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}}
{{Dermatitis and eczema}}


[[Category:Contact dermatitis]]
Preventive measures include:
* Identifying and avoiding products containing abietic acid
* Using protective clothing or barriers when handling potential allergens
* Educating patients about the sources of abietic acid and how to avoid exposure


==Related Pages==
* [[Contact dermatitis]]
* [[Allergic contact dermatitis]]
* [[Patch test]]
* [[Rosin]]


{{Cutaneous-condition-stub}}
[[Category:Dermatitis]]
{{dictionary-stub1}}
[[Category:Allergies]]
[[Category:Occupational diseases]]

Revision as of 19:21, 22 March 2025

A type of contact dermatitis caused by exposure to abietic acid


Abietic Acid Dermatitis

Abietic acid dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis that occurs as a result of exposure to abietic acid, a resin acid found in pine and other coniferous trees. This condition is characterized by an inflammatory skin reaction that can cause discomfort and irritation.

Pathophysiology

Abietic acid is a major component of rosin, which is used in a variety of industrial and consumer products, including adhesives, varnishes, and inks. When individuals with a sensitivity to abietic acid come into contact with these products, they may develop an allergic reaction. The immune system recognizes abietic acid as a foreign substance, leading to an inflammatory response in the skin.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with abietic acid dermatitis typically present with symptoms such as:

These symptoms usually appear on areas of the skin that have come into direct contact with the allergen. In severe cases, the dermatitis may spread to other areas of the body.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of abietic acid dermatitis is primarily clinical, based on the patient's history and the appearance of the skin lesions. A patch test may be performed to confirm the diagnosis by identifying a specific allergic reaction to abietic acid.

Management

The primary treatment for abietic acid dermatitis involves avoiding exposure to the allergen. Patients should be educated about products that may contain abietic acid and advised to use alternatives. Topical corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms. In some cases, antihistamines may be used to control itching.

Prevention

Preventive measures include:

  • Identifying and avoiding products containing abietic acid
  • Using protective clothing or barriers when handling potential allergens
  • Educating patients about the sources of abietic acid and how to avoid exposure

Related Pages

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