Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD) is a clinical condition characterized by a persistent or recurrent lack of sexual fantasies or desire for sexual activity. This condition is considered a sexual dysfunction and can cause significant distress or interpersonal difficulties for the individual affected.

Definition and Diagnosis

• HSDD is defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity that causes marked distress or interpersonal difficulties. Furthermore, the condition cannot be better explained by a non-sexual mental disorder, a consequence of severe relationship distress or other significant stressors, or attributable to the effects of a substance/medication or another medical condition^[1].
• Diagnosis is typically made by a healthcare professional after a thorough medical and psychological examination, along with detailed inquiries about the individual's sexual and psychosocial history.

Causes and Risk Factors

• There are various potential causes and risk factors for HSDD, including both physical and psychological issues:
• Medical conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, or hormonal imbalances can impact sexual desire.
• Certain medications, including some antidepressants and contraceptives, can also decrease sexual desire.
• Psychological issues such as depression, anxiety, or past sexual trauma can contribute to HSDD.
• Relationship issues such as lack of emotional intimacy or unresolved conflict can also be associated with diminished sexual desire^[2].

Treatment

• The treatment for HSDD typically involves a combination of medical treatment and psychotherapy:
• Medical treatment may include hormone therapy or FDA-approved medications like flibanserin for premenopausal women.
• Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can be helpful in addressing underlying psychological issues or improving sexual communication with the partner^[3]

Epidemiology

HSDD is a relatively common condition, with studies suggesting that it affects approximately 10% of adult women and is less prevalent among men. The prevalence increases with age and other risk factors^[4].

Impact on Quality of Life

HSDD can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life, affecting self-esteem, body image, and intimate relationships. The distress caused by this condition extends beyond the sexual realm, influencing overall mental health and well-being^[5].

See also

• Sexual dysfunction
• Flibanserin
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

References

<references>

• |American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
• |Basson, R. (2010). Women's sexual function and dysfunction: current uncertainties, future directions. International Journal of Impotence Research, 22(5), 266–275.
• |Clayton, A.H., Goldfischer, E.R., Goldstein, I., Derogatis, L., Lewis-D'Agostino, D.J., & Pyke, R. (2013). Validation of the Decreased Sexual Desire Screener (DSDS): a brief diagnostic instrument for generalized acquired female hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD). The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 6(3), 730–738.
• |Shifren, J.L., Monz, B.U., Russo, P.A., Segreti, A., & Johannes, C.B. (2008). Sexual problems and distress in United States women: prevalence and correlates. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 112(5), 970–978.
• |Derogatis, L., Clayton, A., Lewis-D’Agostino, D., Wunderlich, G., & Fu, Y. (2008). Validation of the Female Sexual Distress Scale-Revised for assessing distress in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 5(2), 357–364.

</references>

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