CYP2C9

CYP2C9 is a gene that encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. These proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids.

Function

The CYP2C9 enzyme is primarily found in the liver and is known to metabolize approximately 15% of clinically used drugs, including warfarin, phenytoin, and glipizide. Variations in the CYP2C9 gene can lead to altered drug metabolism, which can affect an individual's response to drugs.

Genetic Variations

There are over 60 known variations of the CYP2C9 gene. Some of these variations can result in an enzyme that is less active or inactive, which can affect drug metabolism. For example, the CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 variations result in a less active enzyme, which can lead to a slower metabolism of certain drugs.

Clinical Significance

The CYP2C9 gene is clinically significant as it can affect an individual's response to certain drugs. For example, individuals with certain CYP2C9 variations may require a lower dose of warfarin, a blood-thinning medication, to avoid bleeding complications. Similarly, individuals with certain CYP2C9 variations may experience a higher risk of side effects from phenytoin, a medication used to treat seizures.

See Also

• Cytochrome P450
• Drug metabolism
• Pharmacogenomics

References

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