Frailty

Frailty is a common geriatric syndrome that embodies an elevated risk of catastrophic declines in health and function among older adults. Frailty is a condition associated with ageing, and it has been recognized for centuries. As a syndrome, frailty is characterized by 'diminished strength, endurance, and reduced physiologic function that increases an individual's vulnerability for developing increased dependency and/or death'.

Definition

Frailty is a biological syndrome that reflects a state of decreased physiological reserve and vulnerability to stressors. It is a multidimensional concept, with physical, psychological and social factors contributing to its development and outcomes.

Causes

The causes of frailty are multifactorial and can include chronic disease, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, and depression. Other factors such as social isolation and sedentary lifestyle can also contribute to frailty.

Symptoms

Frailty is characterized by a number of symptoms including fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, slow walking speed, and low levels of physical activity.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of frailty is usually based on the presence of three or more of the following criteria: unintentional weight loss, self-reported exhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, and low physical activity.

Treatment

The treatment of frailty focuses on reducing the patient's vulnerability to potential stressors that could lead to negative health-related outcomes. This can be achieved through a combination of nutrition, exercise, and medication.

Prevention

Prevention of frailty is focused on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, balanced diet, adequate sleep, and social engagement.

See also

• Geriatrics
• Aging
• Chronic disease
• Malnutrition
• Cognitive impairment
• Depression
• Social isolation
• Sedentary lifestyle

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