Synkinesis

Synkinesis is a neurological condition that results in involuntary muscle movements in response to voluntary movements. It is often a complication of Bell's palsy or other forms of facial paralysis.

Causes

Synkinesis is typically caused by misdirected nerve regeneration following damage to the facial nerve. This can occur as a result of Bell's palsy, stroke, trauma, or surgery. The damaged nerves may regrow and connect to the wrong muscles, leading to involuntary movements.

Symptoms

The symptoms of synkinesis can vary widely depending on the specific muscles affected. Common symptoms include involuntary blinking or squinting in response to smiling or chewing, difficulty speaking or swallowing, and facial asymmetry. In severe cases, synkinesis can cause significant discomfort and interfere with daily activities.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of synkinesis is typically based on a physical examination and a detailed medical history. Electromyography (EMG) may be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the severity of the condition.

Treatment

Treatment for synkinesis typically involves physical therapy to improve muscle control and reduce involuntary movements. Botox injections may also be used to temporarily paralyze the affected muscles. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to correct the misdirected nerve connections.

See also

• Bell's palsy
• Facial paralysis
• Neurology

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References

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External links

• National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Synkinesis Information Page
• Mayo Clinic: Bell's Palsy

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